Table A13.
Risk of bias: reviewer’s judgements on risk of bias in studies on noise and children’s blood pressure.
| Study | Bias Due to Exposure Assessment | Bias Due to Confounding * | Bias Due to Selection of Participants † | Bias Due to Health Outcome Assessment | Bias Due to not Blinded Outcome Assessment | Total Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RANCH [58,93] | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| ICCBP-a [114,159] | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| ICCBP-b [114] | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| PIAMA [48] | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Low | High |
| GINIplus [31,41] | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Low | High |
| LISAplus [31,41] | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Low | High |
| BELGRADE1 [39] | High | Low | High | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| REGECOVA [119] | High | High | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| USA1 [59,71] | High | High | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High |
* In order to score “low” the study should contain information that can be used to derive effect estimates that are at least adjusted for age and sex. † In order to score “low”, participants had to be randomly sampled from a known population and the response rate of the study had to be higher than 60%. An additional condition for cohort studies was that the attrition rate had to be at least 20%.