Table 2.

Comparative summary of the behavioural and physiological traits of Culex pipiens ecoforms.

Ecoform	Trait
	Mating	Egg-Laying Requirements	Blood-Feeding Preference	Habitat Associations	Overwintering
form pipiens	Eurogamous (mating requires open spaces)	Anautogenous (blood meal required for first egg batch)	Primarily birds	Rural and urban, aboveground	Heterodynamic (undergoes diapause)
form molestus	Stenogamous (can mate in confined spaces)	Autogenous (no blood meal required for first egg batch)	Birds and mammals	Principally urban, aboveground and underground	Homodynamic (active throughout the year)