Exhibit 1.

Characteristics of the study population

	Nonexpansion states		Expansion states
	Non-mixed-status households (n = 1,067,281)	Mixed-status households (n = 24,256)	Non-mixed-status households (n = 1,503,683)	Mixed-status households (n = 60,321)
Female	54.8%	53.5%	53.6%	55.0%
Age range (years)
Younger than 25	36.7%	45.9%	38.7%	44.0%
25–50	45.0	40.8	43.6	40.6
50–64	18.3	13.3	17.6	15.4
Race/ethnicity
Black	25.1%	11.0%	14.6%	5.8%
Hispanic	15.1	64.7	19.7	66.2
Spanish speaker	12.1	63.1	14.6	63.5
Noncitizen	3.0	20.3	5.0	28.0
Education
Less than high school	16.9%	27.4%	15.4%	28.3%
High school graduate	45.5	37.9	43.4	36.3
At least some college	28.8	26.3	29.9	26.1
College or more	8.8	8.4	11.3	9.3
Mean number in HIU of:
Adults	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Children	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6
Mean HIU income as percentage of FPL	58.4	57.0	56.9	54.3
Married	24.3%	28.5%	22.5%	26.9%
Employed	45.1%	52.0%	44.1%	47.8%
Difficulty with self-care	3.7%	1.8%	3.4%	1.9%
Medicaida	23.2%	17.8%	34.7%	36.1%

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data for 2009–15 from the American Community Survey and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. NOTES The sample included survey respondents ages 18–64 with health insurance unit income less than or equal to 138 percent of the federal poverty level, at least five years of residence in the United States, and at least one other person in their household. Mixed-status households are those in which at least one member was determined to likely have undocumented immigration status. Expansion states are those that expanded eligibility for Medicaid. HIU is respondent’s health insurance unit. FPL is federal poverty level.

^aRespondents who indicated receiving “Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or a disability.”