Figure 1.

Experimental design. A, In a given trial, a goal cue was presented for 1400 ms. There were one of four possible goal cues (“Male?,” “Female?,” “Happy?,” or “Grumpy?”). After the goal, a face was presented for 100 ms. In Experiment 1, the face was followed by a mask image for 500 ms. In Experiment 2, the face was presented for an additional 500 ms. A fixation cross was then presented for 6000 ms. Subjects responded “Yes” or “No” as to whether the face matched the goal. B, Faces varied along two dimensions: gender and affect. Note that faces shown here were not those used in the experiment. Permission was given for these faces to be published. C, Each block followed the same general structure. At the start of each block, subjects were cued as to which goals would be relevant for that block. Only two goals were relevant in each block (one from each dimension) and these goals alternated in a fixed AABBAABB schedule. This enforced a constant alternation between switch and stay trials. D, Four independently defined resting-state networks of a priori interest (Yeo et al., 2011).