Table 2.
Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy, and Barriers Stratified by Literacy
| Total (n=339) |
Limited ow HL (n=113) |
Adq. HL (n=226) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNOWLEDGE | |||||
| Have you ever heard of CRC? | |||||
| Yes | 311 (91.7) | 103 (91.2) | 208 (92.0) | 0.99 | |
| No | 26 (7.7) | 9 (8.0) | 17 (7.5) | ||
| Don’t Know | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Have you ever heard of any tests to find CRC? | |||||
| Yes | 241 (71.1) | 64 (56.6) | 177 (78.3) | <0.001 | |
| No | 89 (26.3) | 47 (41.6) | 42 (18.6) | ||
| Don’t Know | 8 (2.4) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| No answer | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| What tests have you heard of? (More than one answer possible. Percentages are out of those answering ‘Yes’ to the question above) | (n=241) | (n=64) | (n=177) | ||
| FOBT | 43 (17.8) | 14 (21.9) | 29 (16.4) | 0.34 | |
| Colonospcopy | 216 (93.8) | 60 (93.8) | 166 (93.8) | 0.99 | |
| Sigmoidoscopy | 3 (1.2) | 0 | 3 (1.7) | 0.57 | |
| No answer | 4 (1.7) | 0 | 4 (2.3) | 0.58 | |
| RECOMMENDATION/BEHAVIOR/EDUCATION | |||||
| Have you ever seen or heard an advertisement that encouraged you to get tested for colon cancer? | |||||
| Yes | 261 (77.2) | 74 (65.5) | 187 (83.1) | 0.001 | |
| No | 74 (21.9) | 38 (33.6) | 36 (16.0) | ||
| Don’t Know | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| Have you ever been given information of education on CRC testing? | |||||
| Yes | 87 (25.7) | 19 (16.8) | 68 (30.1) | 0.010 | |
| No | 249 (73.4) | 92 (81.4) | 157 (69.5) | ||
| Don’t Know | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Total (n=339) |
Limited HL (n=113) |
Adq. HL(n=226) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What kind of information/education? (More than one answer possible. Percentages are out of those answering ‘Yes’ to the question above) | (n=87) | (n=19) | (n=68) | ||
| Pamphlet | 55 (63.2) | 12 (63.2) | 43 (63.2) | 0.99 | |
| Discussion | 19 (21.8) | 6 (31.6) | 13 (19.1) | 0.35 | |
| Health Fair | 5 (5.7) | 0 | 5 (7.4) | 0.58 | |
| Community church programs | 1 (1.1) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0.99 | |
| Don’t know | 13 (14.9) | 2 (10.5) | 11 (16.2) | 0.72 | |
| Has a doctor ever recommended you get screened CRC? | |||||
| Yes | 244 (72.2) | 80 (70.8) | 164 (72.9) | 0.34 | |
| No | 90 (26.6) | 33 (29.2) | 57 (25.3) | ||
| Don’t Know | 4 (1.2) | 0 | 4 (1.8) | ||
| Has a doctor ever given you an FOBT to do? | |||||
| Yes | 84 (24.9) | 26 (23.0) | 58 (25.8) | 0.54 | |
| No | 251 (74.3) | 87 (77.0) | 164 (72.9) | ||
| Don’t Know | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (1.3) | ||
| Have you ever done an FOBT? | |||||
| Yes | 76 (22.7) | 25 (22.1) | 51 (23.0) | .77 | |
| No | 255 (76.1) | 86 (76.1) | 169 (76.1) | ||
| Don’t Know | 4 (1.2) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| BELIEFS | Total (n=339) |
Limited ow HL (n=113) |
Adq. HL (n=226) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| If you had CRC would you want to know about it? | |||||
| Yes | 315 (93.2) | 103 (92.0) | 212 (93.8) | 0.73 | |
| No | 14 (4.1) | 6 (5.4) | 8 (3.5) | ||
| Don’t Know | 9 (2.7) | 3 (2.7) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| How helpful do you think it is to find CRC early? | |||||
| Very Helpful | 292 (86.4) | 91 (81.3) | 201 (88.9) | 0.13 | |
| Helpful | 37 (11.0) | 16 (14.3) | 21 (9.3) | ||
| Don’t Know | 5 (4.5) | 5 (4.5) | 4 (1.8) | ||
| How worried are you that you might find out you have CRC? | |||||
| Very Worried | 23 (6.9) | 11 (9.7) | 12 (5.4) | 0.059 | |
| Somewhat Worried | 50 (14.9) | 19 (16.8) | 31 (13.9) | ||
| Not Worried | 143 (42.6) | 49 (43.4) | 94 (42.1) | ||
| Not Worried at All | 110 (32.7) | 28 (24.8) | 82 (36.8) | ||
| Don’t Know | 10 (3.0) | 6 (5.3) | 4 (1.8) | ||
| Total (n=339) |
Limited HL (n=113) |
Adq. HL (n=226) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I feel I will get CRC sometime in my life. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 8 (2.4) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (2.7) | 0.007 | |
| Agree | 17 (5.0) | 8 (7.1) | 9 (4.0) | ||
| Disagree | 167 (49.4) | 50 (44.6) | 117 (51.8) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 47 (13.9) | 8 (7.1) | 39 (17.3) | ||
| Don’t Know | 99 (29.3) | 44 (39.3) | 55 (24.3) | ||
| Having an FOBT will help me find CRC problems early. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 98 (29.0) | 27 (24.1) | 71 (31.4) | 0.12 | |
| Agree | 223 (66.0) | 76 (67.9) | 147 (65.0) | ||
| Disagree | 4 (1.2) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 1(0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Don’t Know | 12 (3.6) | 6 (5.4) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| Having an FOBT will decrease my chances of dying from CRC. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 79 (23.4) | 29 (25.9) | 50 (22.1) | 0.89 | |
| Agree | 193 (57.1) | 62 (55.4) | 131 (58.0) | ||
| Disagree | 26 (7.7) | 7 (6.3) | 19 (8.4) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.3) | ||
| Don’t Know | 36 (10.7) | 13 (11.6) | 23 (10.2) | ||
| I am afraid of doing an FOBT test because I might find something wrong. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 14 (4.1) | 3 (2.7) | 11 (4.9) | 0.002 | |
| Agree | 39 (11.5) | 16 (14.2) | 23 (10.2) | ||
| Disagree | 206 (60.8) | 69 (61.1) | 137 (60.6) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 53 (15.6) | 9 (8.0) | 44 (19.5) | ||
| Don’t Know | 27 (8.0) | 16 (14.2) | 11 (4.9) | ||
| SELF-EFFICACY SCALE | Total (n=339) |
Low Lit (n=113) |
Adq. Lit (n=226) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I know for sure I can get an FOBT. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 70 (20.7) | 22 (19.5) | 48 (21.3) | 0.97 | |
| Agree | 238 (70.4) | 81 (71.7) | 157 (69.8) | ||
| Disagree | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.3) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Don’t Know | 25 (7.4) | 9 (8.0) | 16 (7.1) | ||
| I know for sure I can find out how to correctly do an FOBT. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 79 (23.3) | 20 (17.7) | 59 (26.1) | 0.23 | |
| Agree | 251 (74.0) | 91 (80.5) | 160 (70.8) | ||
| Disagree | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Don’t Know | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| I know for sure I will mail my results back. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 155 (46.0) | 45 (40.5) | 110 (48.7) | 0.25 | |
| Agree | 177 (52.5) | 63 (56.8) | 114 (50.4) | ||
| Disagree | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | ||
| Don’t Know | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Self-Efficacy Scale (mean, sem) | 12.74 (0.07) | 12.62 (0.12) | 12.80 (0.09) | 0.25 | |
| BARRIER SCALE | Total (n=339) |
Limited HL (n=113) |
Adq. HL (n=226) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I am afraid the FOBT instructions will be confusing. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 7 (2.1) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (1.8) | 0.002 | |
| Agree | 17 (5.0) | 9 (8.0) | 8 (3.5) | ||
| Disagree | 231 (68.1) | 69 (61.1) | 162 (71.7) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 40 (11.8) | 8 (7.1) | 32 (14.2) | ||
| Don’t Know | 44 (13.0) | 24 (21.2) | 20 (8.9) | ||
| Doing an FOBT is embarrassing. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 9 (2.7) | 4 (3.6) | 5 (2.2) | 0.02 | |
| Agree | 30 (8.9) | 10 (8.9) | 20 (8.9) | ||
| Disagree | 234 (69.2) | 78 (69.6) | 156 (69.0) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 39 (11.5) | 6 (5.4) | 33 (14.6) | ||
| Don’t Know | 26 (7.7) | 14 (12.5) | 12 (5.3) | ||
| Doing an FOBT is a lot of trouble. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 5 (1.5) | 4 (3.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0.057 | |
| Agree | 16 (4.7) | 4 (3.5) | 12 (5.3) | ||
| Disagree | 240 (70.8) | 82 (72.6) | 158 (69.9) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 33 (9.7) | 6 (5.3) | 27 (12.0) | ||
| Don’t Know | 45 (13.3) | 17 (15.0) | 28 (12.4) | ||
| Doing an FOBT is messy. | |||||
| Strongly Agree | 10 (3.0) | 3 (2.7) | 7 (3.1) | 0.42 | |
| Agree | 57 (16.8) | 18 (15.9) | 39 (17.3) | ||
| Disagree | 164 (48.4) | 52 (46.0) | 112 (49.6) | ||
| Strongly Disagree | 23 (6.8) | 5 (4.4) | 18 (8.0) | ||
| Don’t Know | 85 (25.1) | 35 (31.0) | 50 (22.1) | ||
| Barrier Scale (mean, sem) | 9.17 (0.13) | 9.68 (0.25) | 8.92 (0.15) | 0.01 | |