Table 4. Socio-demographic and obstetric parameters of antenatal women and EPDS score.
| Variable, Number of respondents (n) and response rates (%) | Variable categories | EPDS Categories (Risk of Depression) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Likelihood | Moderate Likelihood | High Likelihood | ||
| (scores ≤9) | (scores 10–12) | (scores ≥13) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| TOTAL | All respondents | 2320 (66.0) | 507 (14.4) | 690 (19.6) |
| Age (years) | <20 | 472 (65.5) | 97 (13.5) | 152 (21.0) |
| 4429 (97) | 20–34 | 1529 (66.3) | 320 (13.9) | 458 (19.8) |
| 35+ | 269 (67.1) | 69 (17.2) | 63 (15.7) | |
| Gravidity/ Current | First | 876 (66.8) | 181 (13.8) | 254 (19.4) |
| pregnancy | Second | 936 (66.1) | 202 (14.3) | 278 (19.6) |
| 4420 (97) | Third or greater | 457 (64.3) | 110 (15.5) | 144 (20.3) |
| Past obstetric complication*1 | Absent | 1658 (68.0) | 328 (13.4) | 454 (18.6) |
| 4060 (89) | Present | 442 (61.0) | 126 (17.4) | 157 (21.7) |
| Previous adverse pregnancy outcome | Absent | 1519 (67.7) | 310 (13.8) | 416 (18.5) |
| 3589 (78) | Present | 381 (66.1) | 73 (12.7) | 122 (21.2) |
| Income | Low | 779 (67.5) | 153 (13.2) | 223 (19.3) |
| 2622 (57) | Middle | 375 (71.0) | 63 (12.0) | 90 (17.0) |
| High | 236 (68.2) | 59 (17.1) | 51 (14.7) | |
| Financial difficulty*2 | None | 918 (73.5) | 153 (12.2) | 178 (14.3) |
| 3795 (83) | Some | 881 (63.9) | 219 (15.9) | 279 (20.2) |
| Great | 170 (53.5) | 48 (15.1) | 100 (31.4) | |
| Number of previous | 0 | 1171 (67.1) | 241 (13.8) | 334 (19.1) |
| child-bearing unions | 1–3 | 1021 (65.7) | 224 (14.4) | 309 (19.9) |
| 4306 (94) | ≥4 | 31 (54.4) | 12 (21.1) | 14 (24.6) |
| Number of children with | 0 | 1540 (66.5) | 315 (13.6) | 462 (19.9) |
| current partner | 1–2 | 605 (66.3) | 136 (14.9) | 171 (18.8) |
| 4321 (94) | ≥3 | 84 (64.1) | 22 (16.8) | 25 (19.1) |
| Partner infidelity*3 | Absent | 1190 (72.6) | 221 (13.5) | 228 (13.9) |
| 3117 (68) | Present | 403 (52.5) | 134 (17.5) | 230 (30.0) |
| Exposure to violence | Absent | 2134 (69.4) | 419 (13.6) | 524 (17.0) |
| 4442 (97)*4 | Present | 163 (41.5) | 79 (20.1) | 151 (38.4) |
*Statistically significant associations at p<0.05 based on chi square test.
1 χ22 = 12.84, p = 0.002
2 χ24 = 66.89, p< 0.001
3 χ22 = 108.33, p< 00.01
4 χ24 = 133.11, p< 0.001