Il-38-/- mice (n = 5) and WT littermates (n = 5) were treated daily with a topical dose of 12.5mg of Aldara™ cream (0.625mg IMQ), for 7 days. Ear thickness was followed daily (A) and expressed as ear thickness variation vs. day 0. Microscopic histopathology was studied on HE-stained slides of IMQ-treated ears on day 7. Scale bar = 100μm. (B); neutrophil-infiltrated areas, epidermal thickness and the number of neutrophil-filled abscess-like structures were evaluated (C). Results are from one experiment representative of two and are expressed as mean ± SEM of individual mice (n = 5 mice per group). Il-36ra-/- mice (n = 6) and WT littermates (n = 4) were treated daily with a topical dose of 12.5mg of Aldara™ cream (0.625mg IMQ), for 8 days. Ear thickness was followed daily (D) and expressed as ear thickness variation vs. day 0. Microscopic histopathology was studied on HE-stained slides of IMQ-treated ears on day 8. Scale bar = 100μm. (E); neutrophil-infiltrated areas, epidermal thickness and the number of neutrophil-filled abscess-like structures were evaluated (F). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of individual mice (n = 4–6 mice per group). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired two-way ANOVA followed by a Sidak post-test for A and and D, and an unpaired Mann-Whitney comparison test in C and F. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. ** p<0.01, * p<0.05.