| Gender |
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| Gender-equitable attitudes |
Adolescents who have at least two out of six of the following gender-equitable attitudes: 2 questions about whether violence in relationships between men and women is acceptable; 1 question about whether contraception is principally a woman’s responsibility; 1 question about whether men need sex more than women; and giving the same answer (yes to both or no to both) as to whether a woman or a man who has sex before marriage will regret it. Disagreeing with the first 4 questions and giving the same answer to the last two questions was scored as a higher level of gender-equitable attitudes. |
| Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV |
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| Recognize at least three out of five effective contraceptives |
To measure recognition of effective contraceptives we asked, Have you heard of (each of the following contraceptive methods was listed): contraceptive pills, contraceptive injections, condoms, IUD, contraceptive patch? We constructed a dichotomous variable classifying adolescents who recognize 3 or more of these methods and adolescents who recognize less than 3.
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| Have correct knowledge on at least five out of nine of the SRH topics |
Adolescents who correctly answered 5 or more out of 9 questions about sexual and reproductive health such as the following: if a condom can be used more than once, if a condom can slip off the penis and get lost in a woman’s body, if condoms protect against HIV/AIDS, against sexually transmitted infections, against pregnancy, how many hours after having sex can emergency contraception be used (24 hours, 120 hours or a month, where 120 hours was the correct answer).
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| Know that condoms can only be used once |
Adolescents who answer correctly that a condom can only be used once
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| Have positives attitudes towards condoms |
Adolescents who have at least three of the following positive attitudes towards condom use: responding that condoms are a method that is appropriate for adolescents to use in occasional relationships; in stable loving relationships; that they would not be ashamed to buy condoms; that suggesting condom use does not imply a lack of trust and responding that condoms can or should be used during sex after a couple is married.
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| Sexual Rights and Citizenship |
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| Know at least two out of four of their SRH rights |
Adolescents who answered that at least two of the following are sexual and reproductive health rights of adolescents: receiving condoms, receiving contraceptive methods, receiving emergency contraception, having sex only when or if they want to.
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| Sought sexual and reproductive health counseling |
Adolescents who report they went to a health facility in the last year seeking any sexual or reproductive health (SRH) service or information |
| Pleasure |
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| Have positive attitudes towards sexual pleasure |
Adolescents who identify at least four positive attitudes towards pleasure, such as agreeing that it is acceptable for adolescents who are not married to have a boyfriend or girlfriend, have dates, kiss, hug, and touch each other, among others.
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| Have positive attitudes towards sexuality |
Adolescents who identify at least five positive attitudes towards sexuality such as agreeing that it is acceptable for adolescents to have sex if they love each other or that it is acceptable for two adolescents to have sex before marriage, to see if they are compatible, among others. |
| Violence |
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| Suffered family violence over the last year |
Adolescents who report suffering any kind of violence perpetrated by a family member over the last year: if you father, mother, brother, sister or another person living in your home insulted you, called you names, made you feel fear, slapped, hit or punched you in the last year.
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| Suffered dating violence over the last year |
Adolescents who report suffering any kind of partner or dating violence over the last year including: if a partner, boyfriend or girlfriend insulted you, called you stupid, made fun of you, prohibited you from having friends, spread false rumors abut you, or hurt you physically on purpose, or did something sexual to you when you didn’t want to, in the last year.
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| Suffered sexual abuse (in their lifetime) |
Adolescents who report any sexual abuse (if someone has ever touched your genitals or done sexual things to you when you didn’t want to) at any time in their lives
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| Suffered bullying at school over the last year |
Adolescents who report being bullying victims over the last year, measured by asking how often in the last year has someone done the following to them at school: insulted you or used foul language towards you, made you feel bad or feel fear, slapped, hit or punched you.
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| Diversity |
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During the last year, suffered bullying because of: |
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The color of their skin, disability, or religion
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Adolescents who report any violence (you felt unsafe at school, you have been called ugly names, threatened, pushed or hit) in school over the last year, because of your gender, skin color, a disability or because they think you have a disability, because of your religion.
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During the last year, suffered bullying because of: The way they express their gender
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Adolescents who report violence in school (you felt unsafe at school, you have been called ugly names, threatened, pushed or hit) because of how they express their gender or how traditionally “masculine” or “feminine” they are in terms of how they look or act, over the last year.
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During the last year, suffered bullying because of: Homophobic bullying
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Adolescents who report violence (you felt unsafe at school, you have been called ugly names, threatened, pushed or hit) because of their sexual orientation over the last year.
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| Relationships |
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| Make more than half of the decisions in their relationship |
In adolescents who reported ever having had a girlfriend, boyfriend or partner, equitable decision-making was measured by asking who made the following decisions: when to visit friends; participate in school activities; go to the movies, go out in general, go to parties; whether to skip a class; what type of clothes the adolescent him or herself should use. A higher score was assigned when the adolescent responded that decisions were made by both members of the couple, except for what clothes the adolescent should wear, which was given a higher score (for equitable decisions) if the adolescent decided him or herself.
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| Can talk about using condoms with their partner |
Adolescents who report feeling sure or very sure they could talk to their partners about using condoms
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| Can say they don’t want to have sex unless their partner uses a condom |
Adolescents who report feeling sure or very sure they could say they don’t want to have sex without a condom
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| Say they could convince their partner to use condoms |
Adolescents who report feeling sure or very sure that they could convince their partner to use a condom
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| Negotiated condom use in their first sexual encounter |
Adolescents who report talking to their partners about contraceptive use before or during their first sexual encounter. |
