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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2018 Jan 31;200(5):1781–1789. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700604

Figure 1. GPR81−/− mice exhibit increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colonic inflammation.

Figure 1

(A-G) GPR81−/− and GPR81+/+ littermate control (WT) mice were treated with 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 6 days and at day 9 the colons of mice were analyzed for inflammation. (A, B) Changes in body weight and colon length (day 9) of WT and GPR81−/− mice. (C) Myeloperoxidase activity in colon. (D) Mice were fed with FITC-dextran on day 9, and 4 h later FITC-dextran was quantified in serum (n=5). (E) Representative colonic tissue sections of DSS-treated WT and GPR81−/− mice (Hematoxylin and eosin staining with original magnification, 100X). (F) Histopathological score (inflammation + epithelial damage) of colons was graded following analysis of H&E-stained cross sections of colons of DSS-treated WT and GPR81−/− mice. (G) Excised colon samples were cultured for 2 days ex vivo, and the secreted IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p40 and IL-10 cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. Data are representative of three separate experiments (n>5). **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. Error bars indicate mean ±SEM.