Table 1.
List of studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the review.
| Studies | MRI lesion location (sample size) | Surgery type | Type of epilepsy (EZ) | Type of prosody task | Performance | Time of assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolphs and Tranel, 1999 | Bilateral amygdalae damage (2), right amygdala damage (2), left amygdala damage (5) | All unilateral lesions had temporal lobectomy with partial or total amygdala resection | Bilateral patients: Urbach-Wiethe, Herpes simplex. Unilateral patients: TLE | Emotion labeling of sentences spoken in affective valences | Unimpaired performance of all groups | Post-surgical |
| Berberian et al., 2015 | Pre-surgical group: Left (14), right (9), Bilateral (8). Postsurgical group: Left (14), right (9), bilateral (8) | Temporal lobectomy | TLE | Speech evaluation by a speech therapist (prosody production) | No difference between pre and post-surgical performance | Pre and post-surgical (cross-sectional) |
| Brand et al., 2009 | Heterogeneous group (32) | Heterogeneous | Heterogeneous | Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS-A) | Epilepsy patients in comorbidity with depression performed worse that epilepsy patients without depression | Pre-surgical |
| Brierley et al., 2004 | Antero-temporal resection (13 left, 15 right) | Unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy | TLE | Emotion labeling of utterances spoken in affective valences | All patients have difficulties with fear prosody. Patients with bilateral amygdala damage had poorer performance overall. | Post-surgical |
| Cercy and Kuluva, 2009 | Mild periventricular hyperintensity (1) | None | Gelastic epilepsy. Right frontal ZE | Clinical evaluation of ictal speech | Ictal dysprosodia | Pre-surgical |
| Dellacherie et al., 2011 | Left TLE (5 out of 10 complete resection of amygdala). Right TLE (3 out of 4 complete resection of amygdala) | Unilateral anteromedial temporal lobe resection (10 left, 10 right) | TLE | Judgment of intensity, valence and arousal of vocalizations (Montreal Affective battery) | Impaired fear and surprise prosody recognition in both patients groups compared to controls. No difference between patient Groups | Post-surgical |
| Fowler et al., 2006 | Asymmetrical amygdala damage (13 right, 15 left) | Pre-surgical study | Right and left TLE | Emotion labeling of verbal and nonverbal prosodic sounds | Inconclusive. No group differences. Some patients have prosody difficulties | Pre-surgical |
| Frühholz et al., 2015 | Mesio-temporal lesions (10 right, 10 left) | Unilateral temporal lobectomy | MTLE | Judgment of binaural prosodic vocalizations with attention directed toward or away from prosody on one side | Behaviorally unimpaired. Only right MTLE recruited contralateral amygdala and auditory cortex for prosody processing (fMRI study) | Post-surgical |
| Kho et al., 2008 | Majority of patients with mesio-temporal sclerosis (32 total) | Anterior temporal resection | Unilateral TLE (half left) | Emotion labeling of sentences spoken in affective valences | Presurgically, both patient groups performed worse than control at prosody recognition. Unchanged after surgery | Pre and post-surgical evaluation |
| Laurent et al., 2014 | 21 out of 39 patients with mesial abnormalities | Pre-surgical study | Unilateral TLE (half left) | Emotion labeling of sentences spoken in affective valences | Unimpaired emotional prosody. Left and right group did not differ from each other | Pre-surgical |
| McChesney-Atkins et al., 2003 | Right subfrontal craniopharyngioma (1) | Right subfrontal, orbitofrontal and frontal pole resection | Right frontal | Clinical evaluation of ictal speech | Normal prosody processing, although some pitch processing impairment | Post surgical |
| Meletti et al., 2014 | Bilateral amygdalae damage (1) | None | Urbach-Wiethe/MTLE | Emotion labeling of sentences spoken in affective valences | Unimpaired | n/a |
| Milesi et al., 2015 | Anterior temporal (4 left, 1 right) | Anterior temporal resection | TLE | Emotion labeling of prosodic non-verbal sounds | General impairment of emotional prosody. Left TLE rated emotion as more intense than right TLE. Right TLE had a specific fear prosody deficit | Post-surgical |
| Montavont et al., 2005 | None (1) | Intracranial recordings | Right MTLE | Clinical evaluation of ictal speech | Ictal dysprosody and altered prosody during right frontal operculum stimulation | Intracranial recording. |
| Prete et al., 2014 | Total absence of callosum (1), partial absence of callosum (1) | Complete callosotomy, partial callosotomy | Not specified | Judgment of emotional intonation of syllables in a dichotic listening task | Total callosotomy patient scored higher on happy prosody presented to the right than to the left ear. He scored lower to sad prosody presented to the left than the right ear | Post-surgical |
| Ross et al., 1988 | Not specified. Wada test study (5) | Pre-surgical study | Not specified | Clinical evaluation of speech during Wada test | Inability to produce emotional prosody after right Wada test. Aphasia after left Wada test | Pre-surgical |
| Scott et al., 1997 | Bilateral amygdalae damage (1). | None | TLE | Impaired at fear and anger prosody perception | Pre-surgical | |
| Turner et al., 2015 | Not specified (10) | None | Epilepsy-aphasia syndrome (GRIN2A mutation) | Clinical evaluation of speech. | Impaired pitch and prosody | n/a |
EZ, epileptogenic zone; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy; MTLE, medial temporal lobe epilepsy.