Table 1.

Design requirement of the biocompatible nanoprimer for nanomedicine bioavailability increase: Determination of physico-chemical attributes of liposomes to be used as nanoprimer to enhance liver accumulation and interaction with Kupffer cells.

Physico-chemical attributes	Targeted values for an optimized interaction with Kupffer cells and safety	Liposome as biocompatible nanoparticle
Size For optimized interaction	>100 nm to limit diffusion in Disse’s spaces31 and <200 nm to limit proteins interaction due to lower curvature radius32 and spleen uptake18	150 nm
Surface properties For optimized interaction	Negative charge to enhance interaction with cell membrane. No positive charge to avoid toxicity and complement activation33	−88 mV Composition:   -50%mol Succinyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine   -50% mol cholesterol
Shape For optimized interaction	Spherical nanoparticles of about 150 nm present a good accumulation in liver versus spleen or lung compared to other cylindrical or discoidal shapes18	Spherical shape
Degradability For safety	Highly biodegradable materials ideally in less than 24 hours	Liposomes disrupt in few hours once in lysosomes, followed by degradation/recycling of phospholipids and cholesterol34