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. 2018 Mar 19;9:1128. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03333-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A redundant C. elegans signaling network enables responses to predator cue. a Mutants lacking the alpha subunit of the CNG channel (tax-4), but not the beta subunit (tax-2), are defective in their response to predator cue. Restoring wild-type tax-4 cDNA using an ASI- or ASJ-specific promoter is sufficient to restore normal behavior to tax-4 mutants. b Mutants lacking the TRPV channel subunit ocr-2, but not osm-9, are defective in their response to predator cue. OCR-2 is specifically required in ASH sensory neurons. c A tax-4;ocr-2 double-mutant is also defective in avoiding predator cue and wild-type behavior is restored when TAX-4 is restored to ASI and OCR-2 is restored to ASH neurons. Restoring TAX-4 to ASJ and OCR-2 to ASH or ADL or restoring TAX-4 to ASI and OCR-2 to ADL is able to partially restore wild-type behavior to the double mutants. Moreover, expressing tax-4 in ASI but not ASJ is sufficient to rescue the double-mutant phenotype. d Schematic showing four redundant pathways (ASI acting independently, ASI and ASH, or ASI and ADL, or ASJ and ASH acting together) driving avoidance to P. pacificus predator cue. e C. elegans egg-laying reduction requires functional TAX-4 signaling in ASI and ASJ neurons. OCR-2 is not required for this behavior. f Schematic showing that TAX-4 acts in ASI and/or ASJ neurons to reduce egg laying upon longer-term exposure to predator cue. Averages and s.e.m. are shown. a–c n = 30 animals and in e, n > 35 tested for each condition, *p < 0.05 compared with controls, ^#p < 0.05 compared to mutants, **p < 0.05 comparing eggs laid by mutants and wild-type animals obtained using Fisher’s exact t-test with Bonferroni correction