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. 2018 Apr;2(4):255–268. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30031-2

Table 3.

Relative rate of motor milestone attainment after 1 year of intervention

N Hazard ratio vs control group (95% CI) Hazard ratio vs combined water, sanitation, and handwashing group group (95% CI) Hazard ratio vs nutrition group (95% CI)
Standing with assistance
Control 1161 1 (ref) ·· ··
Water 598 0·99 (0·86–1·14) ·· ··
Sanitation 593 1·03 (0·89–1·19) ·· ··
Handwashing 584 0·90 (0·78–1·03) ·· ··
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing 594 0·95 (0·83–1·09) 1 (ref) ··
Nutrition 580 1·13 (0·98–1·31) ·· 1 (ref)
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition 603 1·05 (0·91–1·20) 1·11 (0·95–1·30) 0·94 (0·80–1·10)
Hands-and-knees crawling
Control 1171 1 (ref) ·· ··
Water 601 0·94 (0·83–1·06) ·· ··
Sanitation 593 0·98 (0·86–1·11) ·· ··
Handwashing 589 0·85 (0·75–0·96) ·· ··
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing 595 0·91 (0·80–1·03) 1 (ref) ··
Nutrition 584 1·02 (0·90–1·15) ·· 1 (ref)
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition 606 0·98 (0·87–1·11) 1·08 (0·94–1·25) 0·96 (0·84–1·11)
Walking with assistance
Control 1160 1 (ref) ·· ··
Water 598 1·06 (0·93–1·21) ·· ··
Sanitation 591 1·09 (0·95–1·25) ·· ··
Handwashing 583 0·87 (0·76–1·01) ·· ··
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing 594 0·98 (0·85–1·13) 1 (ref) ··
Nutrition 580 1·12 (0·98–1·29) ·· 1 (ref)
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing and nutrition 604 0·99 (0·87–1·14) 1·02 (0·87–1·19) 0·88 (0·75–1·03)
Standing alone
Control 1165 1 (ref) ·· ··
Water 600 1·14 (0·97–1·34) ·· ··
Sanitation 591 1·10 (0·93–1·29) ·· ··
Handwashing 585 0·96 (0·81–1·14) ·· ··
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing 592 1·02 (0·86–1·21) 1 (ref) ··
Nutrition 582 1·14 (0·96–1·34) ·· 1 (ref)
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition 607 1·19 (1·01–1·40) 1·17 (0·97–1·41) 1·03 (0·86–1·25)
Walking alone
Control 1165 1 (ref) ·· ··
Water 600 1·26 (1·03–1·54) ·· ··
Sanitation 592 1·15 (0·93–1·41) ·· ··
Handwashing 585 1·09 (0·87–1·35) ·· ··
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing 593 0·94 (0·75–1·17) 1 (ref) ··
Nutrition 581 1·32 (1·07–1·62) ·· 1 (ref)
Combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition 607 1·21 (0·98–1·48) 1·29 (1·01–1·65) 0·90 (0·72–1·14)