Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics and equivalence between intervention group at pre-test using t-test analyses.
| Measures | PA intervention (N = 18) |
RAN intervention (N = 18) |
Group effects |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | t(34) | p | Cohen’s d | |
| Age (years) | 7.53 | 0.30 | 7.48 | 0.33 | -0.47 | 0.64 | -0.16 |
| Non-verbal IQ (scaled score)a | 9.67 | 2.83 | 10.28 | 2.56 | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.23 |
| Vocabulary (raw score)b | 33.11 | 4.97 | 33.61 | 3.52 | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.17 |
| Phonological awareness (raw score)c | 25.39 | 7.23 | 25.39 | 6.16 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 |
| RAN (composite score)d | 1.15 | 0.27 | 0.99 | 0.24 | -1.89 | 0.07 | -0.65 |
aMatrices’ subtest of the WISC-IV, M = 10, SD = 3. bPictures’ naming of the ELO, total correct responses out of 42. cSyllable and phoneme deletion task from the battery for the assessment of phonological skills, total correct responses out of 35. dRAN composite score, total correct responses divided by total naming time.