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. 2018 Mar 19;8:4841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23068-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GrhD1 is involved in the intestinal inflammatory response induced by S. Typhimurium in mice. Mice pretreated with streptomycin were infected with the WT S. Typhimurium strain or the ΔgrhD1 mutant, or treated with sterile 1X PBS (Control). The mice were sacrificed two days post-infection and the total weight (g) of the cecum (A) and the spleen (B), as well as the infiltration of neutrophils in the cecum content (C), was measured for each mouse. Samples of the cecum content were analyzed by microcopy to determine the number of neutrophils with respect to the total eukaryotic cells, which is expressed as a percentage score. Data are the average from four separate animals. Bars represent the standard deviations. Statistically different values are indicated (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001).