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. 2018 Mar 19;8:4772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23122-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ZnAβ oligomers show stronger reduction to cell viability and are more cytotoxic than ADDLs, but they induce similar Ca²⁺ influx. (A,B) Cell viability was examined by MTT assay for ZnAβ and ADDLs treatment. ZnAβ and ADDLs in different concentrations were treated to neuroblastoma cells. (C,D) Cytotoxicity assay by LDH for ZnAβ and ADDLs treatment. The percentage of LDH release was calculated by the slope of fluorescence intensity compared with maximum LDH release control. Triton-X 100 treated cell was served as 100% cytotoxicity. (E,F) Intracellular Ca²⁺ was monitored by Fluo-3 AM dye. ZnAβ samples were filtered prior to experiment. Before treatment, cell was first incubated with dye and measured for basal level of fluorescence intensity for 10 mins. Aβ was added as indicated arrow. The statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Turkey Post Hoc Test, where p < 0.05 (*), <0.01 (**), <0.001 (***), <0.0001 (****). The averaged values were shown with standard divisions.