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. 2018 Mar 19;8:4827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23218-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nucleosides regulated the expression of SPDEF. (A) Effects of NSs on the expression of SPDEF in IPC-J2 cells. Significant differences between the control (0 μM) and treatment groups are indicated as *P < 0.05. Error bars indicate standard errors (SEs) of triplicate analyses. (B) Analysis of porcine TFF3 (pTFF3) promoter activity. pTFF3 promoters with different lengths (−1000, −800, −500, −200, and −100) were transfected into IPEC-J2 cells (n = 3). The relative luciferase activity was calculated as the ratio of firefly luciferase to Renilla luciferase. Lowercase letters (a,b,c and d) indicate significant differences between treatments based on Duncan’s multiple range tests. Error bars indicate standard errors (SEs) of triplicate analyses.