Table 4.
Characteristics of TICS-36 with gender differences in stress perception.
| Stress scale | Total sample (N = 564) | Female athletes (n = 252) | Male athletes (n = 312) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range of sum score | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | Cronbach α | M | SD | CI 95% | M | SD | CI 95% | |
| WO | 0–16 | 7.36 | 3.29 | 0.21 | −0.18 | 0.83 | 7.87 | 3.40 | [7.45, 8.29] | 6.95 | 3.14 | [6.60, 7.30] |
| SO | 0–14 | 4.83 | 2.84 | 0.47 | −0.08 | 0.75 | 5.34 | 2.77 | [4.99, 5.68] | 4.42 | 2.84 | [4.11, 4.74] |
| PP | 0–16 | 8.18 | 2.78 | −0.17 | 0.22 | 0.69 | 8.40 | 2.67 | [8.07, 8.73] | 8.00 | 2.86 | [7.68, 8.32] |
| WD | 0–16 | 5.50 | 2.70 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 5.46 | 2.53 | [5.14, 5.77] | 5.54 | 2.82 | [5.23, 5.86] |
| EDW | 0–16 | 5.23 | 2.71 | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.78 | 5.67 | 2.86 | [5.32, 6.03] | 4.88 | 2.54 | [4.60, 5.16] |
| LSR | 0–16 | 5.46 | 3.22 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.83 | 5.38 | 3.11 | [5.00, 5.77] | 5.52 | 3.31 | [5.15, 5.89] |
| ST | 0–14 | 4.39 | 2.82 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.79 | 4.55 | 2.78 | [4.20, 4.89] | 4.27 | 2.85 | [3.95, 4.59] |
| SI | 0–15 | 5.48 | 3.39 | 0.31 | −0.47 | 0.79 | 5.85 | 3.58 | [5.41, 6.30] | 5.17 | 3.20 | [4.81, 5.53] |
| CW | 0–16 | 6.73 | 3.42 | 0.34 | −0.50 | 0.82 | 7.92 | 3.41 | [7.50, 8.35] | 5.77 | 3.13 | [5.42, 6.12] |
WO, work overload; SO, social overload; PP, pressure to perform; WD, work discontent; EDW, excessive demands at work; LSR, lack of social recognition; ST, social tensions; SI, social isolation; CW, chronic worrying.