Table 2.
Baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic characteristics of the study population by PASP
| All | PASP ≤35 mmHg | 35 mmHg < PASP ≤45 mmHg | 45 mmHg < PASP ≤60 mmHg | PASP > 60 mmHg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 705 | 371 | 156 | 106 | 72 |
| Age (years) | 48.12 ± 15.02 | 48.43 ± 15.50 | 45.50 ± 14.08 | 49.83 ± 15.81 | 49.71 ± 12.63 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male, n (%) | 400 | 231 (57.75%) | 73 (18.25%) | 46 (11.50%) | 40 (10.00%) |
| Female, n (%) | 305 | 140 (45.90%) | 83 (27.21%)a | 60 (19.67%)a | 32 (10.49%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.32 ± 4.45 | 21.55 ± 3.96 | 22.98 ± 4.94** | 22.47 ± 4.39 | 24.65 ± 4.85*** |
| Etiology of CKD, n (%) | |||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 481 | 268 (55.72%) | 100 (20.79%) | 69 (14.35%) | 44 (9.15%) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 104 | 45 (43.27%) | 31 (29.81%)b | 17 (16.35%) | 11 (10.58%) |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 57 | 30 (52.36%) | 13 (22.81%) | 9 (15.79%) | 5 (8.77%) |
| Lupus nephritis | 14 | 4 (28.57%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (21.43%) | 7 (50.00%)b |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 20 | 11 (55.00%) | 6 (30.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | 0 (0%) |
| Others | 29 | 13 (44.83%) | 6 (20.69%) | 5 (17.24%) | 5 (17.24%) |
| No. of anti-hypertensives | |||||
| 0 anti-hypertensive | 72 | 41 (56.94%) | 14 (19.44%) | 9 (12.50%) | 8 (11.11%) |
| 1 anti-hypertensives | 180 | 107 (59.44%) | 28 (15.56%) | 29 (16.11%) | 16 (8.89%) |
| 2 anti-hypertensives | 230 | 132 (57.39%) | 56 (24.35%) | 22 (9.57%) | 20 (8.70%) |
| 3 anti-hypertensives | 155 | 63 (40.65%) | 39 (25.16%) | 37 (23.87%) | 16 (10.32%) |
| ≥ 4 anti-hypertensives | 68 | 28 (41.18%) | 19 (27.94%) | 9 (13.24%) | 12 (17.65%) |
| Other medications, n (%) | |||||
| Digoxin | 14 | 5 (35.71%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (35.71%) | 4 (28.57%) |
| Warfarin | 26 | 5 (19.23%) | 12 (46.15%) | 5 (19.23%) | 4 (15.38%) |
| Prostacyclins | 247 | 120 (48.58%) | 55 (22.27%) | 37 (14.98%) | 35 (14.17%) |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| Hb (g/L) | 94.19 ± 23.46 | 107.45 ± 19.82 | 80.37 ± 19.50*** | 77.91 ± 19.40*** | 81.37 ± 12.77*** |
| ALB (g/L) | 34.75 ± 5.68 | 35.44 ± 5.11 | 34.50 ± 5.98 | 33.15 ± 6.92* | 34.06 ± 5.31 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.37 ± 1.16 | 4.28 ± 0.99 | 4.43 ± 1.58 | 4.57 ± 1.10 | 4.38 ± 0.93 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.68 ± 1.10 | 1.52 ± 0.81 | 1.90 ± 1.50* | 1.61 ± 0.95 | 2.13 ± 1.43** |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 1783.13 ± 1233.31 | 1176.14 ± 971.05 | 2132.18 ± 1051.07*** | 2737.32 ± 1372.09*** | 2749.72 ± 687.34*** |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.17 ± 0.19 | 2.18 ± 0.18 | 2.17 ± 0.20 | 2.14 ± 0.20 | 2.21 ± 0.20 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.52 | 1.31 ± 0.46 | 1.51 ± 0.53*** | 1.57 ± 0.62*** | 1.43 ± 0.55 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 326.20 ± 180.71 | 266.02 ± 148.51 | 358.54 ± 163.65*** | 353.40 ± 154.59*** | 526.15 ± 228.42*** |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 350.27 ± 192.52 | 354.34 ± 224.21 | 301.23 ± 142.90** | 370.56 ± 146.29 | 405.68 ± 142.19 |
| SI (μmol/L) | 12.38 ± 5.62 | 12.46 ± 5.81 | 13.05 ± 6.51 | 11.50 ± 4.60 | 11.83 ± 3.35 |
| C3 (g/L) | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 1.01 ± 0.33 | 0.92 ± 0.26** | 0.84 ± 0.22*** | 0.95 ± 0.21 |
| Hemodynamics | |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 141.24 ± 14.14 | 138.46 ± 13.19 | 143.71 ± 16.22** | 145.53 ± 14.98*** | 143.89 ± 9.00*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.44 ± 9.80 | 83.59 ± 9.45 | 87.28 ± 10.89** | 88.49 ± 10.08*** | 86.54 ± 6.08** |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 33.55 ± 32.51 | 43.71 ± 36.13 | 22.84 ± 25.27*** | 18.48 ± 15.57*** | 26.57 ± 27.29*** |
| LVEF (%) | 62.05 ± 10.04 | 63.50 ± 9.33 | 66.13 ± 7.19** | 56.23 ± 11.05*** | 54.26 ± 9.66*** |
| No. of dialysis patients (%) | 331 | 136 (36.66%) | 81 (51.92%) | 66 (62.26%) | 48 (66.67%) |
| Time of dialysis (months) | 16.89 ± 14.16 | 16.58 ± 14.01 | 15.54 ± 11.42*** | 16.48 ± 14.46*** | 20.29 ± 17.64*** |
PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker, Hb hemoglobin, ALB albumin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, PTH parathyroid hormone, SI serum iron, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction. Results are reported as means ± standard deviation. Compared with non-PH group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Compared with male group, ap < 0.05; Compared with glomerulonephritis group, bp < 0.05