Table 1.
Variables | Gum Arabic (n = 46) | Placebo (n = 45) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SEM | SEM | P value | 95 % C.I of differences | ||||
Lower Upper | |||||||
Age (Years) a | 49.96 ± 8.73 | 1.29 | 50.22 ± 9.29 | 1.39 | 0.89 | −4.02 | 3.49 |
Male b | 12(26.1%) | 6(26.1%) | 0.19 | ||||
Female b | 34(73.9%) | 39(86.7%) | |||||
Duration of DM (months) a | 64.04 ± 55.43 | 8.17 | 59.53 ± 48.09 | 7.17 | 0.68 | −17.13 | 26.15 |
Height (cm) a | 162.26 ± 9.01 | 1.33 | 161.07 ± 8.82 | 1.31 | 0.52 | −2.52 | 4.91 |
Weight (kg) a | 72.86 ± 15.72 | 2.32 | 77.07 ± 13.84 | 2.06 | 0.18 | −10.38 | 1.96 |
Waist circumferences (cm) a | 98.65 ± 12.41 | 1.83 | 94.76 ± 14.9 | 2.22 | 0.18 | −1.81 | 9.60 |
WHR a | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.011 | 0.89 ± 0.10 | 0.015 | 0.08 | −0.00 | 0.067 |
BMI (Kg/m2) a | 27.66 ± 5.37 | 0.79 | 29.96 ± 6.54 | 0.97 | 0.07 | −4.79 | 0.19 |
BAI a | 33.90 ± 7.46 | 1.10 | 34.38 ± 8.65 | 1.29 | 0.77 | −3.64 | 2.72 |
VAI a | 3.17 ± 2.29 | 0.34 | 2.08 ± 1.55 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 2.00 |
DAAT,cm2 a | 190.92 ± 70.88 | 10.45 | 153.65 ± 67.37 | 10.04 | 0.01 | 5.61 | 62.90 |
LAP,cm.mmol/l a | 61.28 ± 39.46 | 5.81 | 41.65 ± 32.86 | 4.90 | 0.01 | 2.66 | 36.58 |
SBP (mmHg) a | 131.74 ± 16.37 | 2.43 | 128.44 ± 14.45 | 2.19 | 0.312 | −3.14 | 9.73 |
DBP (mmHg) a | 80.00 ± 9.89 | 1.42 | 78.22 ± 8.87 | 1.35 | 0.148 | −2.14 | 5.69 |
TG (mmol/l) a | 1.54 ± 0.63 | 0.093 | 1.10 ± 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.156 | 0.72 |
HDL(mmol/l) a | 1.10 ± 0.39 | 0.058 | 1.15 ± 0.39 | 0.059 | 0.57 | −0.22 | 0.12 |
Hypertension b | 14(30.4%) | 6(13.3%) | 0.07 | ||||
Smoking b | 5(10.9%) | 2(4.4%) | 0.43 | ||||
Exercise this year b,c | 3(6.5%) | 2(4.4%) | 0.66 | ||||
Alcohol consumption b | 2(4.3%) | 2(4.4%) | 0.98 |
Values are presented as a Mean ± SD, b number (percentage) [15]
Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure
c Exercise in year 2014 to 2015