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. 2017 Apr 27;1:13. doi: 10.1038/s41698-017-0014-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — DFMO inhibits ESCC progression in a PDX model. A PDX model of mice implanted with human ESCC (EG20) were divided into three groups and treated with vehicle or 2% (v/v) or 4% (v/v) DFMO in drinking water for a total of 33 days. a From the 1st day of treatment, body weight and tumor volume were measured every 3 days. DFMO did not significantly reduce mouse body weight compared with the vehicle group. b From the 9th day of treatment, the average tumor volume of both DFMO-treated groups appeared to be significantly less than the vehicle-treated group. c Compared with vehicle, DFMO treatment significantly decreased the weight of the PDX tumors. d IHC analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of PCNA, Ki-67, cleaved caspase 3, and Bcl-2 in ESCC PDX tumors treated with vehicle or DFMO. Representative photographs for each antibody and each group are shown. The integrated optical density (IOD) was evaluated using the Image-Pro Plus software (v.6.0) program. All data are shown as mean values ± S.D