Table 1.
Canine surveys comparing prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis (Di) infection by detection of antigen (Ag) using commercial assays without pre-treatment of samples and detection of microfilaria (MF) by microscopy or PCR
| Country | Di Ag + (%) | Di MF by microscopy (%) | Di MF by PCR (%) | Other MF detected (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | 65/630 (10.3) | 79/630 (12.5) | NR | 12/630 (0.8)a; 76/630 (9.2)b | [13] |
| Portugal | 65/696 (9.4) | 84/696 (12.1) | 40/41 (97.6) | 3/696 (0.4)b | [14] |
| Portugal | 78/304 (25.7) | 61/304 (20.1) | NR | NR | [15] |
| Romania | 16/194 (8.2) | 11/194 (5.7) | 11/24 (45.8) | 12/194 (6.2)c | [16] |
| Australia | 48/404 (11.9) | 23/404 (5.7) | NR | 15/404 (3.7)a | [24] |
| Brazil | 8/611 (1.3) | 6/611 (1.0) | NR | 42/611 (6.9)a | [25] |
| USA | 45/616 (7.3) | 26/616 (4.2) | NR | 6/616 (1.0)a | [31] |
| Costa Rica | 16/146 (11.0) | 17/146 (11.6) | 17/33 (51.5) | 16/146 (11.0)a | [48] |
| Greece | 28/750 (3.7) | 19/750 (2.5) | NR | 10/750 (1.3)a; 17/750 (2.3)c | [54] |
| USA | 31–34/110 (28.2–30.9) | 18/110 (16.4) | NR | 1/110 (0.9)a | [55] |
| USA (Tennessee) | 93/673 (13.8) | 213/3608 (5.9) | NR | NR | [56] |
| South Korea | 36/127 (28.3) | 13/127 (10.2) | NR | NR | [57] |
| Dominican Republic | 18/104 (17.3) | 14/104 (13.5) | NR | NR | [58] |
| Haiti | 55/210 (26.2) | NR | 46/207 (22.2) | 3/207 (1.4)a | [59] |
aMicrofilaria of Acanthocheilonema reconditum detected
bMicrofilaria of Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides detected
cMicrofilaria of Dirofilaria repens detected
Abbreviation: NR, not reported.