Fig. 6.

Pathways and markers associated with oxidative stress. Urine markers of prostaglandin and thromboxane signaling that have been associated with oxidative stress (a, b, c, d) as well as markers of oxidative stress (e, f). Urine samples were obtained from HC ( n = 8), OC ( n = 8), and HN children before [HN (Pre), n =  8] and after [HN (Post), n =  8] surgical management of the obstruction and the levels were corrected by creatinine. Data are presented as box-plots, with the median and first and third quartiles (box) and whiskers (minimum to maximum). Asterisk denotes p < 0.05