Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of DJ-1 regulation in ocular diseases. Under oxidative stress, the level of DJ-1 and Nrf2 are decreased in the cornea, causing the CECs apoptosis and leading to the reduction of FECD. DJ-1 and Nrf2 in the lens, resulting in the formation of a disulfide bond, crystal turbidity, and cataract formation. DJ-1 and Nrf2 are reduced in the retina, accelerating RPE degeneration and leading to AMD. Oxidative stress also induces the downregulation of Nrf2, DJ-1/PI3K/Akt and activation of ASK1, leading to the aggravation of irreversible RGCs apoptosis, resulting in ocular neurogeneration diseases. The expression level of DJ-1 in UM is significantly upregulated, DJ-1 protein may serve as a potential serum marker for UM.