Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 114 patients initially presenting with TTC
| Variables | No catecholamines (n = 93) | catecholamines(n = 21) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 67.65 ± 11.00 | 65.00 ± 12.30 | 0.33 |
| Male, n (%) | 13 (13.97) | 6 (28.57) | 0.11 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Dyspnoe | 34 (36.55) | 9 (42.85) | 0.62 |
| Chest pain | 52 (55.91) | 6 (28.57) | 0.03 |
| Clinic parameter | |||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 134.96 ± 28.41 | 116.25 ± 42.32 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78.41 ± 13.67 | 66.55 ± 31.22 | 0.03 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 98.17 ± 27.64 | 110.95 ± 22.79 | 0.05 |
| ECG Data, n (%) | |||
| ST-segment elevation | 27 (29.03) | 7 (33.33) | 0.79 |
| Inversed T-Waves | 83 (89.24) | 19 (90.47) | 0.74 |
| PQ-interval | 160.67 ± 27.97 | 160.00 ± 34.38 | 0.92 |
| QTc (ms), mean ± SD | 484.49 ± 50.83 | 455.30 ± 52.82 | 0.02 |
| Stress factor, n (%) | |||
| Emotional sress | 28 (30.10) | 2 (9.52) | 0.05 |
| Physical stress | 50 (53.76) | 14 (66.66) | 0.33 |
| Laboratory values, mean ± SD | |||
| Troponin I (U/L) | 3.20 ± 4.41 | 6.57 ± 8.46 | 0.01 |
| Creatine phosphatkinase (U/L) | 721.11 ± 2900.64 | 323.74 ± 469.71 | 0.55 |
| CKMB | 37.44 ± 65.08 | 31.00 ± 23.56 | 0.77 |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/l) | 42.63 ± 64.25 | 80.30 ± 126.15 | 0.06 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.10 ± 1.99 | 12.29 ± 2.08 | 0.70 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.14 ± 0.76 | 1.19 ± 0.50 | 0.79 |
| GFR < 60 ml/min | 25 (26.88) | 7 (33.33) | 0.59 |
| Echocardiography data, n (%) | |||
| LV EF % | 39.67 ± 9.12 | 32.76 ± 9.09 | < 0.01 |
| Follow-up LV EF % | 55.23 ± 7.54 | 48.63 ± 14.90 | < 0.01 |
| Apical ballooning | 64 (68.81) | 18 (85.71) | 0.15 |
| Mitral regurgation | 50 (53.76) | 10 (47.61) | 0.63 |
| Tricspid regurgation | 42 (45.16) | 7 (33.33) | 0.46 |
| RV-Involvement | 17 (18.27) | 9 (42.85) | 0.02 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Smoking | 30 (32.25) | 6 (28.57) | 0.80 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (23.65) | 4 (19.04) | 0.64 |
| Obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) | 27 (29.03) | 4 (19.04) | 0.75 |
| Hypertension | 54 (58.06) | 12 (57.14) | 1.00 |
| COPD | 19 (20.43) | 7 (33.33) | 0.25 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 15 (16.12) | 6 (28.57) | 0.21 |
| Coronary artery disease | 16 (17.20) | 6 (28.57) | 0.23 |
| History of malignancy | 13 (13.97) | 3 (14.28) | 0.97 |
| Drugs on admission, n (%) | |||
| Beta-blocker | 32 (34.40) | 3 (14.28) | 0.06 |
| ACE inhibitor | 30 (32.25) | 5 (23.80) | 0.45 |
| ASS | 24 (25.80) | 5 (23.80) | 0.87 |
| Anticoagulation | 7 (7.52) | 0 (0) | 0.19 |
*p values for the comparison between group 1 and group 2; SD Standard deviation, ECG Electrocardiogram, EF Ejection fraction, BMI body-mass-index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACE Angiotensin-convetring-enzyme
EFhochversusnichthoch*Katecholaminpflichtigkeit: 0.000
The bolded indication highlight significant values