Table 3.

Potentially inappropriate medications and classes to be avoided in geriatric patients with a particular diagnosis (n=400) based on 2015 Beers criteria in pre-intervention and intervention groups

Diagnosis/therapeutic category/drug(s)	Pre-intervention n=200 n (%)	Intervention n=200 n (%)	p-value*
Heart failure	13 (6.5)	3 (1.5)	0.011
• NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors
• CCB
Syncope	6 (3.0)	2 (1.0)	0.284
• Alpha blockers
• Tertiary TCAs
Chronic seizures	7 (3.5)	1 (0.5)	0.068
• Olanzapine
• Chlorpromazine
Delirium	9 (4.5)	0 (0.0)	0.004
• Benzodiazepines
• Sedative hypnotics
Dementia and cognitive impairment	9 (4.5)	2 (1.0)	0.031
• Anticholinergics
• Benzodiazepines
• Antipsychotics
History of falls or fractures	5 (2.5)	2 (1.0)	0.449
• Antipsychotics
• Benzodiazepines TCAs/SSRIs
Insomnia	7 (3.5)	1 (0.5)	0.068
• Pseudoephedrine
• Phenylephrine stimulants
Parkinson’s disease	6 (3.0)	4 (2.0)	0.751
• First-generation antihistamines
• Anticholinergics/antispasmodics
• Antipsychotics
Chronic constipation	13 (6.5)	5 (2.5)	0.044
• Nondihydropyridine CCB
• First-generation antihistamines
• Antipsychotics
History of gastric or duodenal ulcers	11 (5.5)	3 (1.5)	0.053
• Aspirin (>325 mg/day)
• Non-COX-2 selective NSAIDs
Chronic kidney disease (stages IV, V)	9 (4.5)	3 (1.5)	0.140
• NSAIDs
BPH	8 (4.0)	1 (0.5)	0.037
• Inhaled anticholinergic agents
• Strong anticholinergic drugs
Stress or mixed urinary incontinence	6 (3.0)	3 (1.5)	0.503
Alpha blockers

Note:

^*Chi-square test.

Abbreviations: NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; CCB, calcium channel blockers; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2.