Table 4.

Potentially inappropriate medications among geriatric inpatients (n=400) based on STOPP criteria in pre-intervention and intervention groups

Drug or drug class	Pre-intervention n=200 n (%)	Intervention n=200 n (%)	p-value*
ACE inhibitors	25 (12.5)	9 (4.5)	0.004
Angiotensin receptor blockers	14 (7.0)	9 (4.5)	0.283
Amiodarone	17 (8.5)	9 (4.5)	0.105
Beta blockers	27 (13.5)	10 (5.0)	0.003
Calcium channel blockers	18 (9.0)	7 (3.5)	0.023
Centrally acting antihypertensives	11 (5.5)	5 (205)	0.201
Digoxin	11 (5.5)	9 (4.5)	0.646
Loop diuretic	36 (18.0)	18 (9.0)	0.008
Spironolactone	15 (7.5)	6 (3.0)	0.044
Thiazide	7 (3.5)	3 (1.5)	0.338
Vasodilators	25 (12.5)	9 (4.5)	0.004
Anticoagulants	24 (12.0)	13 (6.5)	0.083
Aspirin	19 (9.5)	7 (3.5)	0.026
Clopidogrel	8 (4.0)	5 (2.5)	0.575
Enoxaparin	7 (3.5)	3 (1.5)	0.338
Heparin sodium	16 (8.0)	4 (2.0)	0.010
Warfarin	10 (5.0)	4 (2.0)	0.172
Anticholinergics	82 (41.0)	50 (25.0)	0.001
Antihistamines, first generation	32 (16.0)	9 (4.5)	,0.001
Benzodiazepines	19 (9.5)	6 (3.0)	0.007
Hypnotic Z-drugs	5 (2.5)	3 (1.5)	0.724
Levodopa	7 (3.5)	3 (1.5)	0.338
Neuroleptics (antipsychotics)	13 (6.5)	7 (3.5)	0.169
Promethazine	5 (2.5)	1 (0.5)	0.215
Tricyclic antidepressants	13 (6.5)	4 (2.0)	0.026
Antispasmodics	5 (2.5)	0 (0.0)	0.061
Iron (oral)	21 (10.5)	6 (3.0)	0.003
Antacids (aluminum)	5 (2.5)	2 (1.0)	0.449
Proton pump inhibitor	13 (6.5)	6 (3.0)	0.100
Corticosteroids, systemic	20 (10.0)	13 (6.5)	0.203
Ipratropium, nebulized	18 (9.0)	6 (3.0)	0.033
Theophylline	2 (2.5)	3 (1.5)	0.424
Colchicine	9 (4.5)	4 (2.0)	0.159
Corticosteroids	20 (10.0)	13 (6.5)	0.203
NSAIDs	18 (9.0)	7 (3.5)	0.023
Opioids	11 (5.5)	8 (4.0)	0.638
Alpha blockers	14 (7.0)	4 (2.0)	0.016
Urinary antimuscarinic	6 (3.0)	3 (1.5)	0.503
Estrogens	5 (2.5)	2 (1.0)	0.449
Glyburide (glibenclamide)	31 (15.5)	14 (7.0)	0.007
Metformin	5 (2.5)	1 (0.5)	0.215
Thiazolidinediones	3 (1.5)	1 (0.5)	0.623

Note:

^*Chi-square test.

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.