Table 2.
Mean Values and Standard Deviations for Absolute Daily Nutrient Intakes Estimated by Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, 7-Day Dietary Record, and Averaged Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall, Lifestyle Validation Study, United States, 2010–2012
| Nutrient | Final SFFQ | Baseline SFFQ | WebFFQ | 7DDRa | ASA24a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy, kcal | 1,857 (526) | 1,931 (528) | 1,770 (518) | 1,741 (336) | 1,821 (476) |
| Total fat, g | 70 (25) | 73 (26) | 67 (24) | 67 (19) | 73 (27) |
| Saturated fat, g | 22 (9) | 23 (9) | 21 (8) | 22 (8) | 25 (11) |
| Polyunsaturated fat, g | 15 (6) | 16 (6) | 14 (6) | 15 (5) | 16 (7) |
| Monounsaturated fat, g | 27 (11) | 28 (11) | 26 (11) | 24 (7) | 26 (11) |
| Arachadonic FA, g | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.19 (0.09) | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.11 (0.06) | 0.13 (0.08) |
| Lauric FA, g | 0.63 (0.59) | 0.66 (0.61) | 0.63 (0.59) | 1.04 (0.89) | 0.84 (0.89) |
| Linoleic FA, g | 12.5 (5.1) | 13.1 (5.5) | 11.8 (5.4) | 13.1 (4.3) | 13.8 (6.2) |
| Linolenic FA, g | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.6 (1) |
| Omega-3 (DHA + EPA) FA, g | 0.25 (0.22) | 0.26 (0.23) | 0.24 (0.21) | 0.14 (0.15) | 0.18 (0.31) |
| With supplements | 0.47 (0.38) | 0.49 (0.40) | 0.47 (0.38) | 0.32 (0.42) | |
| Oleic FA, g | 25.0 (10.1) | 26.0 (10.7) | 24.1 (10.2) | 22.8 (6.8) | 24.5 (10.1) |
| Cholesterol, mg | 238 (114) | 241 (107) | 229 (116) | 233 (94) | 269 (142) |
| Protein, g | 81 (24) | 84 (24) | 77 (24) | 73 (16) | 77 (24) |
| Carbohydrate, g | 219 (72) | 229 (71) | 208 (69) | 208 (50) | 205 (64) |
| Total sugar, g | 100 (43) | 103 (42) | 94 (40) | 92 (32) | 97 (41) |
| Fiber, g | 23.7 (8.6) | 24.8 (8.6) | 22.9 (8.5) | 20.5 (6.5) | 17.5 (7.0) |
| Alcohol, g | 8.9 (12.5) | 9.3 (12.4) | 8.3 (11.1) | 9.0 (12.0) | 10.1 (15.5) |
| Retinol activity equivalents, μg | 995 (406) | 1,029 (431) | 971 (411) | 813 (388) | 762 (482) |
| With supplements | 1,805 (1,299) | 1,879 (1,421) | 1,830 (1,349) | 1,477 (1,293) | |
| Alpha carotene, μg | 852 (763) | 919 (871) | 850 (767) | 609 (487) | 495 (769) |
| Beta carotene, μg | 5,974 (3,611) | 6,153 (3,761) | 5,882 (3,574) | 3,979 (2,470) | 3,335 (3,307) |
| With supplements | 6,489 (4,046) | 6,752 (4,316) | 6,368 (3,972) | 4,291 (2,818) | |
| Lutein-zeaxanthin, μg | 3,794 (2,898) | 3,749 (2,539) | 3,725 (2,513) | 2,237 (1,517) | 2,589 (2,931) |
| Lycopene, μg | 5,479 (3,970) | 5,618 (4,454) | 5,596 (4,585) | 4,870 (3,543) | 5,088 (5,402) |
| Beta cryptoxanthin, μg | 111 (95) | 120 (103) | 107 (95) | 154 (181) | 99 (137) |
| Vitamin B1, mg | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.5) |
| With supplements | 8.6 (19.4) | 8.8 (18.0) | 7.9 (15.6) | 11.0 (51.3) | |
| Vitamin B2, mg | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.7) |
| With supplements | 9.2 (17.3) | 9.7 (17.6) | 8.9 (15.9) | 7.2 (18.0) | |
| Vitamin B3, mg | 23.5 (7.1) | 24.6 (7.5) | 22.6 (7.2) | 20.7 (5.5) | 20.9 (6.9) |
| With supplements | 49.3 (57.4) | 53.7 (61.0) | 47.1 (49.9) | 54.4 (114) | |
| Vitamin B6, mg | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.8) |
| With supplements | 13.5 (28.3) | 15.2 (32.2) | 14.0 (29.6) | 9.6 (26.8) | |
| Vitamin B12, mg | 6.3 (2.8) | 6.5 (2.7) | 6.1 (2.6) | 4.9 (2.7) | 5.4 (4.7) |
| With supplements | 55.2 (141.7) | 61.0 (145.2) | 51.2 (125.0) | 73.1 (307.8) | |
| Natural folate, μg | 319 (122) | 331 (123) | 310 (119) | 232 (73) | 233 (95) |
| Folic acid, μg | 139 (115) | 147 (109) | 133 (92) | 156 (99) | 143 (111) |
| With supplements | 424 (312) | 442 (294) | 412 (280) | 438 (355) | |
| Dietary folate equivalents, μg | 641 (263) | 669 (241) | 620 (218) | 497 (182) | 477 (212) |
| With supplements | 1,126 (647) | 1,170 (595) | 1,095 (570) | 1,062 (713) | |
| Vitamin C, mg | 118 (60) | 123 (61) | 116 (62) | 96 (51) | 94 (67) |
| With supplements | 311 (426) | 325 (375) | 319 (366) | 311 (453) | |
| Vitamin D, mg | 5.3 (3.1) | 5.5 (3.1) | 5.2 (3.0) | 4.9 (2.7) | 5.1 (3.9) |
| With supplements | 20.4 (12.2) | 21.5 (12.5) | 23.6 (12.7) | 31.5 (29.3) | |
| Vitamin E, mg | 9.9 (4.8) | 10.3 (4.9) | 9.5 (4.9) | 9.2 (4.0) | 8.2 (4.4) |
| With supplements | 42.1 (71.7) | 43.5 (67.5) | 45.6 (83.8) | 37.1 (54.0) | |
| Vitamin K, mg | 195 (142) | 191 (121) | 190 (125) | 129 (71) | 156 (183) |
| With supplements | 202 (143) | 199 (122) | 197 (126) | 219 (1,806) | |
| Calcium, mg | 909 (371) | 954 (388) | 880 (381) | 843 (270) | 959 (421) |
| With supplements | 1,572 (638) | 1,634 (641) | 1,577 (648) | 1,460 (799) | |
| Magnesium, mg | 351 (106) | 369 (112) | 338 (106) | 296 (77) | 309 (103) |
| With supplements | 425 (153) | 446 (159) | 414 (145) | 380 (186) | |
| Iron, mg | 14.1 (4.7) | 14.7 (5.0) | 13.4 (4.6) | 13.7 (4.5) | 13.8 (4.9) |
| With supplements | 18.4 (10.1) | 19.6 (10.6) | 20 (10.7) | 18.9 (12.3) | |
| Copper, mg | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.8) |
| With supplements | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.1) | |
| Zinc, mg | 11.9 (3.7) | 12.6 (3.9) | 11.5 (3.7) | 10.3 (3.2) | 11.5 (4.6) |
| With supplements | 21.7 (14.0) | 22.5 (14.7) | 22.4 (14.8) | 19.9 (11.8) | |
| Phosphorus, mg | 1,360 (414) | 1,425 (422) | 1,300 (415) | 1,187 (274) | 1,325 (409) |
| With supplements | 1,391 (418) | 1,458 (427) | 1,339 (418) | 1,209 (275) | |
| Choline, mg | 343 (110) | 353 (105) | 330 (111) | 295 (79) | 313 (105) |
| With supplements | 348 (115) | 358 (107) | 335 (113) | 298 (85) | |
| Potassium, mg | 3,251 (965) | 3,389 (973) | 3,143 (965) | 2,632 (656) | 2,801 (868) |
| With supplements | 3,298 (976) | 3,437 (987) | 3,190 (972) | 2,670 (665) | |
| Sodium, mg | 2,061 (660) | 2,152 (685) | 1,947 (638) | 2,647 (640) | 3,087 (913) |
| Caffeine, mg | 179 (139) | 185 (136) | 168 (129) | 164 (112) | 167 (134) |
Abbreviations: 7DDR, 7-day dietary record; ASA24, automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall; FA, fatty acid; DHA + EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid; SFFQ, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire; WebFFQ: web-based SFFQ.
a Participants completed an average of 14 days of 7DDR and an average of 2.9 days of ASA24.