Table 1.
Baseline characteristics Austrian
| Parameter | Patients with stable CAD (N = 424) |
Patients with stable CAD and angina (N = 46) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (mean years ± SD) | 65.2 (10.1) | 68.6 (9.2) |
| Gender (N [%]) | ||
| Male | 318 (75.0) | 30 (65.2) |
| Female | 106 (25.0) | 16 (34.8) |
| Employment | ||
| Employed full-time | 94 (22.2) | 3 (6.5) |
| Employed half-time | 11 (2.6) | 2 (4.3) |
| Unable to work | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unemployed | 4 (0.9) | 2 (4.3) |
| Retired | 310 (73.1) | 38 (82.6) |
| Other | 2 (0.5) | 1 (2.2) |
| Education | ||
| Primary school (or less) | 214 (50.5) | 29 (63.0) |
| Secondary school | 169 (39.9) | 16 (34.8) |
| College/University | 41 (9.7) | 1 (2.2) |
| Concomitant diseases and lifestyle (N [%]) | ||
| Family history of premature CADa | 142 (33.5) | 14 (30.4) |
| Treated hypertension | 333 (78.5) | 40 (87.0) |
| Diabetes | 121 (28.5) | 19 (41.3) |
| Dyslipidemiab | 375 (88.4) | 42 (91.3) |
| PAD | 64 (15.1) | 11 (23.9) |
| Alcohol intake, glasses per week | ||
| 0 | 99 (23.3) | 14 (30.4) |
| >0 to <20 | 316 (74.5) | 31 (67.4) |
| >20 | 9 (2.1) | 1 (2.2) |
| Stimulant drinks | ||
| Coffee | 311 (73.3) | 37 (80.4) |
| Tea | 29 (6.8) | 6 (13.0) |
| Neither | 84 (19.8) | 3 (6.5) |
| Physical activity | ||
| None | 45 (10.6) | 6 (13.0) |
| Lightc | 224 (52.8) | 32 (69.6) |
| 1–2 times per weekd | 81 (19.1) | 7 (15.2) |
| ≥3 times per weekd | 74 (17.5) | 1 (2.2) |
| Medical history N (%) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 226 (53.3) | 21 (45.7) |
| PCI | 329 (77.6) | 31 (67.4) |
| CABG | 99 (23.3) | 12 (26.1) |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 10 (2.4) | 1 (2.2) |
| Coronary stenosise | 54 (12.7) | 14 (30.4) |
| ICD | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pacemaker | 7 (1.7) | 1 (2.2) |
| Stroke | 17 (4.0) | 5 (10.9) |
| TIA | 13 (3.1) | 3 (6.5) |
| Hospitalization for CHF | 13 (3.1) | 2 (4.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 39 (9.2) | 4 (8.7) |
| Asthma/COPD | 52 (12.3) | 12 (26.1) |
| Current symptoms (N [%]) | ||
| Angina | 46 (10.8) | 46 (100.0) |
| CCS class (if angina) | ||
| I | 14 (30.4) | 14 (30.4) |
| II | 25 (54.3) | 25 (54.3) |
| III | 7 (15.2) | 7 (15.2) |
| CHF symptoms | 52 (12.3) | 15 (32.6) |
| NYHA class (if CHF) | ||
| II | 45 (86.5) | 13 (86.7) |
| III | 7 (13.5) | 2 (13.3) |
| Measurements | ||
| Weight [kg] | 81.4 | 81.0 |
| Height [cm] | 171.5 | 170.0 |
| BMI, mean (SD) [kg/m2] | 27.7 (3.9) | 28.0 (4.9) |
| Heart rate (by pulse palpation), mean (SD) [bpm] | 68.3 (10.3) | 73.8 (13.8) |
| Heart rate (by pulse ECG), mean (SD) [bpm] | 67.2 (10.8) | 72.0 (14.3) |
| Heart rate ≥70 bpm (in angina patients) | – | 28 (60.9) |
| SBP, mean (SD), [mm Hg] | 133.8 (16.6) | 135.3 (18.2) |
| DBP mean (SD), [mm Hg] | 80.0 (9.1) | 80.4 (10.7) |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), [cm] | 99.2 (11.2) | 101.5 (13.9) |
| Risk factors (N (%)) | ||
| Overweight f | 327/424 (77.1) | 34/46 (73.9) |
| Obesityg | 99/424 (23.3) | 15/46 (32.6) |
| Smoking status, N | 424 | 46 |
| Current | 56 (13.2) | 13 (28.3) |
| Former | 186 (43.9) | 15 (32.6) |
| Never | 182 (42.9) | 18 (39.1) |
| Raised blood pressureh | 175/424 (41.3) | 23/46 (50.0) |
| Raised LDL cholesterol 1i | 126/370 (34.1) | 12/39 (30.8) |
| Raised LDL cholesterol 2j | 301/370 (81.4) | 31/39 (79.5) |
| Lowered HDL cholesterolk | 66/379 (17.4) | 12/42 (28.6) |
| Raised HbA1cl | 46/121 (38.0) | 5/19 (26.3) |
| HR on palpation ≥70 bpmm | – | 28/46 (60.9) |
BMI body mass index, bpm beats per minute, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CAD coronary artery disease, CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society, CHF chronic heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, ECG electrocardiogram, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HR heart rate, ICD internal cardiac defibrillator, LDL low-density lipoprotein, N number of patients, NYHA New York Heart Association, PAD peripheral artery disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SBP systolic blood pressure, SD standard deviation, TIA transient ischaemic attack
aMyocardial infarction, sudden death, stable angina at age <55 years (men) or <65 year (women) in a first-degree relative
bDefined as history of documented total cholesterol >2 g/l or >5.18 mmol/l or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <0.4 g/l or <1 mmol/l
cLight physical activity most weeks
dAt least 20 min vigorous physical activity
eCoronary territories with stenosis >50% at coronary angiography or required revascularization in medical history
fDefined as BMI ≥25–29.99 kg/m2
gDefined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2
hDefined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg
iDefined as LDL cholesterol plasma level ≥1 g/l or 2.6 mmol/l
jDefined as LDL cholesterol plasma level ≥0.7 g/l or 1.8 mmol/l
kDefined as HDL cholesterol plasma level ≤40 mg/dl or 1.0 mmol/l
lin diabetic patients, defined as HbA1c level ≥7.0%
monly in angina patients
nmean values as well as percentages are of the data available