Table 1.

Characteristics of Adolescent Study Subjects (Ages 11–17 Years) According to Sickle Cell Trait Carrier Status, Nairobi, Kenya, 2015–2016

Characteristic	SCT Noncarriers (n = 567)			SCT Carriers (n = 103)			P Value
	No. of Children	%	Mean (SD)	No. of Children	%	Mean (SD)
Female sex	323	57		49	48		0.08
Complete ABPM data	516	91		93	90		0.82
White-coat hypertensiona	23	44		3	3		0.59
Masked hypertensiona	37	7		8	9		0.63
Nondipping BP patterna	17	3		2	2		0.55
Age, years			13.2 (2.2)			13.8 (2.3)	0.09
Body mass indexb			18.8 (3.1)			19.0 (3.1)	0.63
Mid-upper arm circumference, cm			23.2 (3.6)			23.5 (3.8)	0.41
Hemoglobin concentration, mg/dL			13.2 (1.5)			13.4 (1.6)	0.15
White blood cell count, cells × 109/L			5.5 (1.5)			5.6 (1.3)	0.78
Platelet count, cells × 109/L			310.4 (86.5)			305.8 (95.3)	0.64
Serum sodium level, mmol/L			139.1 (6.3)			139.1 (5.6)	0.94
Serum potassium level, mmol/L			4.9 (0.6)			5.0 (0.8)	0.09
Socioeconomic status (MDPI scorec)			2.2 (1.3)			2.1 (1.3)	0.55
Clinic BP, mm Hg
Systolic			98.2 (10.8)			99.3 (12.6)	0.31
Diastolic			63.6 (8.1)			64.4 (8.9)	0.32
Pulse wave velocity, m/second			7.0 (0.8)			7.1 (0.8)	0.26
eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m2			110.3 (14.0)			107.8 (14.2)	0.12
Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio			3.6 (17.5)			3.5 (7.5)	0.96
Urinary sodium level, mmol/L			135.7 (73.1)			119.1 (45.4)	0.03
Urinary potassium level, mmol/L			48.4 (30.5)			36.2 (23.2)	0.0001

Abbreviations: ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDPI, multidimensional poverty index; SCT, sickle cell trait; SD, standard deviation.

^a Data on white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and nondipping pattern were based on the 609 children with complete ABPM data.

^b Weight (kg)/height (m)².

^c A household is considered poor if the MDPI score is greater than 3.