Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| No T2DM (n = 11) | T2DM (n = 12) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52 (34–63) | 53.5 (37–64) |
| Sex, n | ||
| Male | 5 | 9 |
| Female | 6 | 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31 ± 2 | 34 ± 1 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | NA | 11 ± 2 |
| HbA1c | ||
| % | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.4 |
| mmol/mol | 34 ± 3 | 62 ± 4 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 5 | 135 ± 4 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72 ± 3 | 82 ± 3 |
| HR (bpm) | 64 ± 2 | 78 ± 2 |
| Repolarization | ||
| QT (ms) | 406 ± 9 | 381 ± 8 |
| QTcB (ms) | 412 ± 8 | 417 ± 6 |
| QTcN (ms) | 410 ± 7 | 406 ± 4 |
| T-wave amplitude (μV) | 466 ± 84 | 399 ± 35 |
| T-wave symmetry | 1.44 ± 0.06 | 1.55 ± 0.06 |
| TWLD | 1,415 ± 257 | 1,279 ± 75 |
| TCRT | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.69 ± 0.08 |
| PCA ratio | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
| HRV | ||
| SDNN (ms) | 48.2 ± 4.4 | 27.4 ± 3.4 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 32.9 ± 4.6 | 15.5 ± 7.94 |
| Log total power (ms2) | 2.90 ± 0.11 | 2.34 ± 0.10 |
| Log HF (ms2) | 2.32 ± 0.14 | 1.85 ± 0.11 |
| LFnorm | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.04 |
| BRS (ms/mmHg) | 11.51 ± 2.31 | 8.59 ± 1.18 |
Data are mean ± SE or median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. NA, not applicable; SDNN, SD of normal R-R intervals.