Table 5.

Hazard Ratios for a 20% Increase in the Calibrated Ratio of Sodium to Potassium Intake and for 20% Increases in Calibrated Sodium and Potassium Individually, in the Combined Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial Comparison Group and Observational Study, From Baseline^a (1994–1998) Through September 30, 2010 (n = 86,444)

Cardiovascular Disease Outcome	Calibrated Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio		Calibrated Sodium		Calibrated Potassium
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
CHD	1.13	1.04, 1.22	1.11	0.95, 1.30	0.85	0.73, 0.99
Nonfatal MI	1.13	1.04, 1.22	1.09	0.93, 1.26	0.83	0.72, 0.96
Coronary death	1.16	1.02, 1.30	1.14	0.92, 1.42	0.84	0.74, 0.98
CABG and PCI	1.16	1.07, 1.25	1.17	1.02, 1.34	0.85	0.75, 0.98
Stroke	1.05	0.98, 1.13	0.98	0.85, 1.13	0.88	0.78, 1.01
Ischemic stroke	1.09	1.01, 1.18	1.02	0.87, 1.19	0.84	0.73, 0.98
Hemorrhagic stroke	0.88	0.78, 0.98	0.81	0.67, 0.98	1.13	0.95, 1.35
Total CVD	1.10	1.03, 1.18	1.06	0.92, 1.23	0.86	0.75, 0.98
Total CVD with CABG and PCI	1.11	1.04, 1.19	1.09	0.95, 1.25	0.87	0.76, 0.99
Heart failure	1.20	1.01, 1.42	1.36	1.02, 1.82	0.90	0.69, 1.18

Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

^a Baseline was defined as 1 year after enrollment in the Dietary Modification Trial Comparison Group and at enrollment in the Observational Study.