Table 5.

Odds Ratios Estimating the Risk Factors for Death Among Children Admitted Due to Diarrhea, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2010–2011

Risk Factor	Total Number	Death		Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
		No.	%	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age group
>11 months	223	14	6.3
≤11 months	505	37	7.3	1.2	0.634, 2.26	1.26	0.64, 2.48
Presence of blood in stool
No	693	45	6.5
Yes	30	6	20.0	3.64	1.42, 9.37a	3.12	1.14, 8.55a
Hydration status
None to moderate dehydration	559	32	5.7
Severe dehydration	164	19	11.6	1.48	0.71, 3.05	2.21	1.17, 4.17a
Type of diarrhea
Acute, watery	644	41	6.4
Persistent	79	10	12.7	2.2	1.05, 4.58a	1.47	0.66, 3.30
Underweightb
Normal	307	23	7.5
Malnourished	416	28	6.7	0.9	0.51, 1.59	0.64	0.32, 1.27
Stuntingb
Normal	223	11	4.9
Malnourished	490	40	8.2	1.79	0.91, 3.57	1.98	0.88, 4.48
Wastingb
Normal	505	38	7.5
Malnourished	218	13	5.9	0.78	0.41, 1.49	1.23	0.55, 2.74
ST-ETEC
Present	34	6	17.6	3.11	1.22, 7.94a	2.03	0.79, 5.23
Absent	675	44	6.5
Cryptosporidium
Present	60	8	13.3	2.36	1.04, 5.35a	1.30	0.63, 2.69
Absent	649	42	6.5
C. jejuni
Present	31	5	16.1	2.78	1.02, 7.62a	0.53	0.12, 2.39
Absent	678	45	6.6
Breastfeedingc
Yes	232	14	6.0
No	52	9	17.3	3.26	1.33, 8.01a	–d	–d
HIV statusc
HIV negative	78	7	9.0
HIV positive	26	6	23.1	3.04	0.92, 10.08	–d	–d

Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; ST, heat-stable toxin–producing.

^a Confidence intervals that do not overlap the null value of OR = 1.

^b Defined by z score (length for age, weight for age, or weight for length).

^c Breastfeeding status and HIV status were not included in multivariate analysis because of the small number of samples. Total sample sizes used are different from the rest of the table because breastfeeding status included only children aged 7–12 months, and HIV status included only the number of children tested for HIV.

^d Some calculations could not be made because of small sample size in the category.