AFHKO mice remain insulin sensitive with aging. A: ITT (top) and GTT (bottom) in 3.5-month-old mice. For the ITT, 5 h after food removal at 6:00 a.m., insulin was injected intraperitoneally (1 unit/kg), and blood glucose was measured at the indicated times (n = 8). For the GTT, 14 h after food removal at 6:00 p.m., 1.5 g/kg glucose was injected intraperitoneally (n = 8). B: ITT (top) and GTT (bottom) in 10-month-old mice while following the protocols described in panel A (n = 6–8). The insets depict areas under the curve (AUCs) in mmol/L · min. C and D: Plasma levels of insulin, leptin, TG, NEFA, and adiponectin were measured in 5- and 10-month-old mice fasted for 5 h (n = 7–11). E–G: Western blots of tissue extracts from WAT, liver, and quadriceps skeletal muscle (SKM) 15 min after injection of insulin or saline (4-h fasting and 1 unit/kg insulin injection) probed with antibodies for phospho-Akt (Ser 473) (pAkt) or total Akt (tAkt) (10-month-old mice, n = 3–4; two representative results shown). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. C, control; KO, AFHKO.