Table 3.
Association of Each Component Score of the Healthy Eating Index–2010 and Alternate Healthy Eating Index–2010 With Ovarian Cancer Risk Among All Participants and According to Menopausal Status, African American Cancer Epidemiology Study, 2010–2014
| Index and Component | Scoring Criteria | Index-Specific OR (95% CI)a,b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum Score | Maximum Score | Among All Cases/Controls (415/629) | Premenopausal Cases/Controls (111/193) | Postmenopausal Cases/Controls (304/436) | ||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Healthy Eating Index–2010 component (maximum points) | ||||||||
| Total vegetables (5), cup eq./per 1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥1.1 | 0.83 | 0.73, 0.95 | 0.72 | 0.54, 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.74, 1.00 |
| Greens and beans (5), cup eq./per 1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥0.2 | 0.88 | 0.79, 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.68, 1.06 | 0.87 | 0.77, 0.99 |
| Total fruit (5)c, cup eq./1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥0.8 | 1.18 | 1.06, 1.32 | 1.21 | 0.96, 1.51 | 1.19 | 1.04, 1.35 |
| Whole fruit (5), cup eq./per 1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥0.4 | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.16 | 1.16 | 0.93, 1.44 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.13 |
| Whole grains (10), oz eq./per 1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥1.5 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.90, 1.14 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.09 |
| Dairy (10), cup eq./1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥1.3 | 1.06 | 1.00, 1.12 | 1.10 | 0.97, 1.25 | 1.05 | 0.98, 1.12 |
| Total protein foods (5), oz eq./1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥2.5 | 0.83 | 0.68, 1.01 | 0.59 | 0.39, 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.73, 1.17 |
| Seafood and plant proteins (5), oz eq./1,000 kcal | 0 | ≥0.8 | 0.86 | 0.77, 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.80, 1.27 | 0.80 | 0.70, 0.91 |
| Fatty acids (10), ratio of (PUFAs + MUFAs) to SFAs | <1.2 | >2.5 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.88, 1.16 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.01 |
| Refined grains (10)b, oz eq./1,000 kcal | ≥4.3 | ≤1.8 | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.84, 1.11 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.08 |
| Sodium (10)b, g/1,000 kcal | ≥2.0 | ≤1.1 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.14 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 |
| Empty calories (20)b,d, % of energy | ≥50 | ≤19 | 0.96 | 0.93, 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.04 | 0.96 | 0.92, 0.99 |
| Alternate Healthy Eating Index–2010 component (maximum points) | ||||||||
| Vegetables (10), servings | 0 | ≥5 | 0.94 | 0.89, 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.78, 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.90, 1.03 |
| Nuts and legumes (10), servings | 0 | ≥1 | 0.98 | 0.93, 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.03 |
| Fruit (10), servings | 0 | ≥4 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.06 | 0.99 | 0.88, 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.06 |
| Whole grains (10), oz eq. | 0 | ≥5 | 1.04 | 0.95, 1.13 | 0.99 | 0.81, 1.21 | 1.04 | 0.94, 1.16 |
| Long-chain (n-3) fats (EPA + DHA) (10), mg | 0 | 250 | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.85, 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.90, 1.04 |
| PUFA (10), % of energy | ≤2 | ≥10 | 1.00 | 0.92, 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.83, 1.14 | 1.01 | 0.92, 1.10 |
| Trans fat (10)b, % of energy | ≥4 | ≤0.5 | 1.12 | 1.00, 1.24 | 1.25 | 0.98, 1.59 | 1.07 | 0.94, 1.21 |
| Red/processed meat (10)b, servings | ≥1.5 | 0 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.07 | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.30 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.03 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice (10)b, servings | ≥1 | 0 | 0.94 | 0.90, 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.90, 1.08 | 0.92 | 0.87, 0.97 |
| Sodium (10)b, mg | Highest decilee | Lowest decilee | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.09 | 1.08 | 0.97, 1.20 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.07 |
| Alcohol (10), drinks | ≥2.5 | 0.5–1.5 | 0.96 | 0.90, 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.82, 1.04 | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.05 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; eq., equivalent; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; OR, odds ratio; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
a Model adjusted for age, region, education, parity, oral contraceptive use, menopause status, tubal ligation status, first-degree family history of breast/ovarian cancer, body mass index, physical activity, total energy intake, and the overall index score without the component under study.
b Estimates for a 1-point increment in score. For components that were reverse scored, higher score indicates lower intake.
c Total fruit includes fruit juice, whole fruit does not.
d Calories from solid fats, alcohol and added sugar; threshold for counting alcohol is >13 g/1,000 kcal.
e Based on a large sample of Block 2005 questionnaires, the 10th and 90th percentiles of sodium intake in women were 1,610 mg/day and 4,138 mg/day, respectively.