Table 2. Unadjusted and adjusted models of the association between standardized whole brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV/TCV*100) and functional status.
| Variable | Change in BI score | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model: | |||
| Change in BI with 1 SD increase in WMH | −1.08 | −2.08, −0.09 | 0.03 |
| Annual change in BI at mean baseline WMHV | −1.12 | −1.28, −0.97 | < .0001 |
| Additional annual change with 1 SD increase in WMH | −0.82 | −1.06, −0.57 | < .0001 |
| Adjusted for demographics†: | |||
| Change in BI with 1 SD increase in WMH | 0.13 | −0.92, 1.18 | 0.8 |
| Annual change in BI at mean baseline WMHV | −1.14 | −1.30, −0.98 | < .0001 |
| Additional annual change with 1 SD increase in WMH | −0.82 | −1.07, −0.57 | < .0001 |
| Adjusted for vascular risk factors*: | |||
| Change in BI with 1 SD increase in WMH | 0.30 | −0.89, 1.48 | 0.6 |
| Annual change in BI at mean baseline WMHV | −1.17 | −1.34, −1.00 | < .0001 |
| Additional annual change with 1 SD increase in WMHs | −0.78 | −1.04, −0.52 | < .0001 |
| Adjusted for social variables**: | |||
| Change in BI with 1 SD increase in WMHs | 0.35 | −0.83, 1.52 | 0.6 |
| Annual change in BI at mean baseline WMHV | −1.18 | −1.34, −1.01 | < .0001 |
| Additional annual change with 1 SD increase in WMHs | −0.78 | −1.04, −0.52 | < .0001 |
| Adjusted for stroke and MI‡: | |||
| Change in BI with 1 SD increase in WMHs | 0.59 | −0.50, 1.68 | 0.3 |
| Annual change in BI at mean baseline WMHV | −1.04 | −1.20, −0.88 | < .0001 |
| Additional annual change with 1 SD increase in WMHs | −0.74 | −0.99, −0.49 | < .0001 |
Abbreviations: BI, Barthel index; CI, confidence interval; MI, myocardial infarction; TCV, total cranial volume; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; WMHV, white matter hyperintensity volume.
† adjusted for age at time of MRI, sex, race-ethnicity
* additionally adjusted for: diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and body mass index at the time of MRI
** additionally adjusted for: marital status, insurance, number of friends, and years lived in the community, mini-mental state score, Spitzer QOL index, depression at baseline
‡ additionally adjusted for stroke and MI occurring during follow-up, as time-varying covariates