| Demographic characteristics |
|
|
| Current age (33.77 ± 3.88) |
20–29 years |
534 (15.3) |
0.79 ± 0.74 |
-23.51 |
< .001 |
| 30–39 years |
2947 (84.7) |
1.66 ± 0.80 |
| Age during the first childbirth (27.16 ± 3.47) |
10–19 yearsa
|
35 (1.2) |
1.91 ± 0.70 |
133.56 |
< .001 (c < a, b) |
| 20–29 yearsb
|
2227 (74.8) |
1.87 ± 0.63 |
| 30–39 yearsc
|
714 (24.0) |
1.44 ± 0.54 |
| Residential area |
Urban |
2052 (58.9) |
1.47 ± 0.84 |
-5.09 |
< .001 |
| Rural |
1429 (41.1) |
1.62 ± 0.87 |
| Education level |
≤ High school |
1267 (36.4) |
1.69 ± 0.85 |
8.43 |
< .001 |
| College/university ≤ |
2213 (63.6) |
1.44 ± 0.84 |
| Religious orientation |
Yes |
1473 (42.3) |
1.58 ± 0.87 |
3.32 |
.001 |
| No |
2008 (57.7) |
1.49 ± 0.84 |
| Employment status |
Full-time |
1189 (34.1) |
1.50 ± 0.82 |
1.06 |
.347 |
| Part-time |
389 (11.2) |
1.56 ± 0.86 |
| No |
1903 (54.7) |
1.54 ± 0.87 |
| Type of occupation |
Entrepreneur or professionala
|
542 (34.1) |
1.41 ± 0.84 |
8.54 |
< .001 (a, b < d; b < c) |
| Office workerb
|
522 (32.8) |
1.36 ± 0.90 |
| Service or sales workerc
|
380 (23.9) |
1.57 ± 0.86 |
| Manual labor workerd
|
147 (9.2) |
1.70 ± 0.93 |
| Monthly household income ($4,237.90 ± 2,611.22) |
< $3,000a
|
868 (25.0) |
1.43 ± 0.89 |
10.94 |
< .001 (a < b, c) |
| $3,001–4,999b
|
1608 (46.3) |
1.53 ± 0.85 |
| $5,000 ≤c
|
998 (28.7) |
1.61 ± 0.81 |
| Psychosocial characteristics |
|
|
| Perception about the value of marriage |
No need to marrya
|
572 (16.5) |
1.40 ± 0.92 |
11.01 |
< .001 (a, b < c, d) |
| No matter whatb
|
1570 (45.3) |
1.50 ± 0.87 |
| Better to marryc
|
1207 (34.7) |
1.61 ± 0.80 |
| Must marryd
|
120 (3.4) |
1.71 ± 0.73 |
| Perception about the value of children |
No need to have childrena
|
546 (15.7) |
1.44 ± 0.87 |
10.11 |
< .001 (a, b < c) |
| Neutral belief about having childrenb
|
1283 (37.0) |
1.48 ± 0.85 |
| Must have childrenc
|
1641 (47.3) |
1.60 ± 0.84 |
| Social media influence |
Yes |
690 (20.0) |
1.40 ± 0.88 |
-4.49 |
< .001 |
| No |
2766 (80.0) |
1.56 ± 0.84 |
| Influence by current government policies |
Support for childcare |
244 (7.0) |
1.53 ± 0.98 |
-0.60 |
.552 |
| Support and incentives for maternity |
217 (6.3) |
1.60 ± 0.95 |
| No |
3007 (86.7) |
1.53 ± 0.84 |
| Expectation regarding future government policies |
Support for childcare |
571 (63.2) |
0.87 ± 0.75 |
1.14 |
.320 |
| Expanded childcare facilities |
256 (28.3) |
0.82 ± 0.76 |
| Support and incentives for maternity |
77 (8.5) |
0.74 ± 0.66 |
