TABLE IV.
Selected Univariate and Final Multivariate Poisson Model Relative Risks (RR) for Reporting a Strain & Sprain Injury (SS) or Back Injury to WC from Ergonomic, Individual, and Socioeconomic Risk Factors Among 1413 Massachusetts Hospital Workers Identified from Case Records and Workforce Rosters During Reporting Years 2003-2005
| Exposure or risk factor | Univariate SS models RR (95%CI)a | Final multivariate SS model RR (95%CI)a | Univariate back models RR (95%CI)a | Final multivariate back model RR (95%CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical workload | ||||
| Manual handlingb | 1.27 (1.07–1.52) | 1.38 (1.13–1.68) | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | — |
| Force requirementsb | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) | — | 1.63 (1.24–2.15) | — |
| Bending and twistingb | 1.74 (1.37–2.20) | — | 2.16 (1.53–3.05) | 2.30 (1.55–3.40) |
| Physical work scaleb,c | 1.47 (1.18–1.83) | — | 1.80 (1.36–2.39) | — |
| Work organization | ||||
| Time pressureb | 1.24 (0.98–1.58) | — | 1.13 (0.80–1.58) | — |
| Hazardous conditionsb | 1.48 (1.24–1.76) | — | 1.79 (1.37–2.36) | — |
| Psychosocial factors | ||||
| Psychological demandsd | 1.22 (0.98–1.54) | — | 1.20 (0.86–1.68) | — |
| Supervisor social supportd | 0.67 (0.50–0.89) | — | 0.61 (0.40–0.94) | — |
| Rewardsd | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | — | 0.92 (0.62–1.35) | — |
| Individual factors | ||||
| Race (0/1=non-white)e | 0.47 (0.17–1.29) | 0.41 (0.15–1.14) | 0.79 (0.24–2.54) | 0.67 (0.20–2.22) |
| Gender (0/1=female)e | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.46 (0.24–0.88) | 0.89 (0.41–1.91) | 0.56 (0.25–1.26) |
| Age in yearse | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) |
| Age2 in yearse | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
| Tenure (0/1=<2 years)e | 3.37 (2.08–5.47) | 3.89 (2.35–6.43) | 4.45 (2.29–8.65) | 4.94 (2.47–9.90) |
| SES job groups | ||||
| Professionals (reference) | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — |
| Nurses | 171 (0.92–3.18) | — | 1.57 (0.64–3.81) | — |
| Semi-professionals | 1.54 (0.81–2.95) | — | 1.42 (0.56–3.62) | — |
| Skilled | 0.50 (0.23–1.09) | — | 0.34 (0.09–1.15) | — |
| Semi-skilled | 1.30 (0.55–3.11) | — | 1.63 (0.52–5.13) | — |
Represents the change in risk for every 10% increase in exposure for each variable except for individual factors and PHASE SES where they are compared as indicated.
Weighted sum of manual handling, force requirements, and bending and twisting of the body.
Weighted average JEM composites from PATH observations and O*NET database values.
Variables computed or extracted directly from the O*NET OnLine database.
From workforce rosters.