Table 1.
Characteristics of U.S. population with diabetes* by time period
| 1988–1994 population estimate = 13.2 million; | 1999–2002 population estimate = 16.0 million; | 2003–2006 population estimate = 19.7 million; | 2007–2010 population estimate = 23.8 million; | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sampled persons = 1,834 | sampled persons = 1,067 | sampled persons = 1,160 | sampled persons = 1,781 | |
| Age (years) | 58.0 ± 20.5 | 58.5 ± 13.5 | 58.5 ± 12.7 | 59.2 ± 13.7 |
| Male# (%) | 46.9 | 53.0 | 49.5 | 53.0 |
| African American race (%) | 15.8 | 14.4 | 14.7 | 14.8 |
| BMIΔ (kg/m2) | 30.4 ± 8.8 | 32.3 ± 7.2 | 32.4 ± 6.5 | 32.9 ± 7.2 |
| Waist circumferenceΔ (cm) | 104.0 ± 19.9 | 108.6 ± 15.7 | 109.3 ± 14.3 | 110.7 ± 15.8 |
| Hypertension# (%) | 62.0 | 66.1 | 70.3 | 69.2 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 11.4 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 9.9 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 7.6 | 6.6 | 9.1 | 8.3 |
| Stroke (%) | 6.6 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 7.8 |
| Lung disease (%) | 13.4 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.3 |
| CancerΔ (%) | 5.8 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 16.4 |
| Current smoking (%) | 20.4 | 20.8 | 19.0 | 17.4 |
| ACE-I or ARB useΔ (%) | 15.8 | 33.9 | 46.0 | 52.1 |
| Statin useΔ (%) | 4.6 | 24.8 | 38.4 | 45.6 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| SystolicΔ | 134.6 ± 26.7 | 134.2 ± 19.9 | 132.2 ± 18.6 | 129.0 ± 20.1 |
| DiastolicΔ | 75.9 ± 13.9 | 70.9 ± 14.9 | 69.5 ± 13.7 | 68.3 ± 14.2 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL | ||||
| LDLΔ | 130.2 ± 61.4 | 118.9 ± 30.1 | 111.0 ± 33.7 | 104.7 ± 34.5 |
| HDLΔ | 45.6 ± 20.6 | 45.3 ± 12.3 | 50.1 ± 13.0 | 46.6 ± 13.8 |
| eGFRΔ (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87.5 ± 32.3 | 84.3 ± 23.2 | 83.4 ± 20.9 | 84.0 ± 23.8 |
| Urine ACR# (μg/mg) | 12.8 (6.0, 41.8) | 12.9 (6.2, 49.3) | 11.9 (6.4, 36.5) | 11.1 (6.0, 31.0) |
Survey weight-adjusted means ± SDs, medians (interquartile range), or proportions are presented.
*Defined as a fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol), and/or use of glucose-lowering medications.
#P < 0.05.
ΔP < 0.001.