Table 2.
Characteristics of U.S. adults with diabetes and an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ACR <30 mg/g by time period
| 1988–1994 population estimate = 0.9 million; | 1999–2002 population estimate = 1.3 million; | 2003–2006 population estimate = 2.0 million; | 2007–2010 population estimate = 2.4 million; | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sampled persons = 135 | sampled persons = 95 | sampled persons = 131 | sampled persons = 191 | |
| Age# (years) | 74.2 ± 10.8 | 73.7 ± 10.0 | 71.3 ± 8.5 | 71.3 ± 9.0 |
| Male (%) | 42.3 | 38.0 | 44.7 | 40.7 |
| African American race (%) | 13.8 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 14.0 |
| BMIΔ (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 7.6 | 30.1 ± 7.0 | 31.4 ± 6.5 | 33.0 ± 7.6 |
| Waist circumferenceΔ (cm) | 102.0 ± 15.9 | 104.9 ± 14.6 | 107.1 ± 15.0 | 109.6 ± 16.3 |
| Hypertension (%) | 80.5 | 86.0 | 85.4 | 82.1 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 20.2 | 27.7 | 17.7 | 10.5 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 11.1 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 15.8 |
| Stroke (%) | 12.9 | 9.9 | 15.4 | 16.3 |
| Lung disease (%) | 16.5 | 9.9 | 15.6 | 14.3 |
| Cancer# (%) | 6.7 | 19.3 | 17.0 | 28.9 |
| Current smoking (%) | 10.5 | 4.3 | 14.2 | 7.1 |
| ACE-I or ARB useΔ (%) | 13.3 | 46.6 | 70.3 | 72.0 |
| Statin useΔ (%) | 2.2 | 41.1 | 51.4 | 59.4 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| SystolicΔ | 139.6 ± 24.7 | 136.4 ± 22.4 | 134.1 ± 21.1 | 125.2 ± 16.9 |
| DiastolicΔ | 72.9 ± 12.9 | 61.0 ± 14.9 | 57.2 ± 17.6 | 58.4 ± 13.8 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| LDLΔ | 133.1 ± 55.9 | 112.8 ± 29.9 | 106.8 ± 40.1 | 94.7 ± 26.2 |
| HDL# | 45.6 ± 22.2 | 47.0 ± 14.0 | 52.2 ± 14.8 | 48.5 ± 15.0 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.02 ± 1.81 | 6.69 ± 1.32 | 6.71 ± 0.89 | 6.69 ± 1.02 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 49.5 ± 11.7 | 46.6 ± 9.7 | 48.9 ± 8.6 | 49.0 ± 9.8 |
| Urine ACR (μg/mg) | 10.0 (6.5, 19.8) | 8.6 (4.8, 15.0) | 9.9 (5.8, 16.5) | 7.4 (4.5, 14.5) |
Survey weight-adjusted means ± SDs, medians (interquartile range), or proportions are presented.
ACE-I, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.
#P < 0.05.
ΔP < 0.001.