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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2018 Feb 21;117:62–71. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.011

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

A summarized scheme of the UPR regulation on human cardiac ion channels. Activated UPR downregulates selective ion channels, leads to prolonged APD and reduced dV/dtmax, which can contribute to electrical remodeling and arrhythmias. The PERK branch downregulates Nav1.5, Kv4.3, hERG, and KvLQT1, while the IRE1 branch downregulates Nav1.5, Cav1.2, hERG, and KvLQT1.