FIGURE 4.

Modulation of MMP1-induced Ca²⁺ release by flavonoids in LECs. LECs (8 × 10³ cells/well) were pre-treated with solvent (DMSO, Co), or (A) 20 μM luteolin, or (B) 20 μM apigenin and then charged with FluoForte Dye-loading for 45 min at 37°C and 15 min at room temperature when cells were stimulated with 100 ng/mL activated recombinant MMP1 for 5 min. Intracellular free calcium was measured with a fluorescence plate reader at 490/525 nm. Three independent experiments with at least two replicates were analyzed. Error bars indicate means ± SEM, and asterisks and hash significances (p < 0.05; t-test).