Table 1.
Characteristics of the two cohorts of patients
| SOAP (2002), n = 3147 | ICON (2012), n = 4852 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 60.6 ± 17.4 | 62.5 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 1920 (61.7) | 2924 (61.0) | 0.53 |
| Severity scores, mean ± SD | |||
| SAPS II score | 36.5 ± 17.1 | 41.9 ± 18.2 | < 0.001 |
| SAPS II score without age | 26.0 ± 16.1 | 30.8 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score at admission | 5.1 ± 3.8 | 6.3 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| Max SOFA score | 6.6 ± 4.4 | 7.8 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
| Type of admission, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Surgical | 1388 (44.1) | 2075 (45.4) | |
| Elective | 778 (24.7) | 776 (17.0) | |
| Emergency | 610 (19.4) | 1076 (23.6) | |
| Medical | 1759 (55.9) | 2459 (53.9) | |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 30 (0.7) | |
| Source of admission, n (%) | |||
| Other hospital | 345 (11.0) | 446 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
| ER/ambulance | 913 (29.0) | 1758 (36.2) | |
| OR/recovery room | 784 (24.9) | 910 (18.8) | |
| Hospital floor | 793 (25.2) | 1378 (28.4) | |
| Other | 312 (9.9) | 360 (7.4) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| COPD | 340 (10.8) | 743 (15.3) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 415 (13.2) | 568 (11.7) | 0.05 |
| Metastatic cancer | 105 (3.3) | 160 (3.3) | 1.00 |
| Hematologic cancer | 69 (2.2) | 122 (2.5) | 0.37 |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 226 (7.2) | 451 (9.3) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure, NYHA III/IV | 307 (9.8) | 493 (10.2) | 0.57 |
| HIV/AIDS | 26 (0.9) | 24 (0.5) | 0.08 |
| Cirrhosis | 121 (3.8) | 205 (4.2) | 0.42 |
| Steroid therapy | 165 (5.2) | 201 (4.1) | 0.03 |
| Chemotherapy | 25 (0.8) | 121 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Procedures/events on admission, n (%) | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1850 (58.8) | 2572 (53.0) | < 0.001 |
| RRT | 115 (3.7) | 242 (5.0) | < 0.01 |
| Sepsis | 552 (17.5) | 894 (18.4) | 0.31 |
| Procedures/events during the ICU stay, n (%) | |||
| Central venous catheter | 2272 (72.2) | 3143 (64.8) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary artery catheter | 481 (15.3) | 729 (15.0) | 0.751 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2025 (64.3) | 2875 (59.3) | < 0.001 |
| RRT | 306 (9.7) | 615 (12.7) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 930 (29.6) | 1546 (31.9) | 0.03 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU stay, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.7–6.9) | 3.0 (2.0–7.0) | 0.31 |
| Survivors | 3.0 (1.8–6.6) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.57 |
| Non-survivors | 3.3 (1.2–9.8) | 3.0 (1.0–9.0) | 0.20 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 583 (18.5) | 796 (16.8) | 0.05 |
Percentages were calculated after exclusion of missing values
RRT renal replacement therapy, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, ER emergency room, OR operating room, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome