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. 2018 Feb 8;46(4):605–615. doi: 10.1007/s10439-018-1986-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Examples of col2-3/4m staining per group. Brown color indicates denatured collagen and is graded as microscopic internal collagen damage. Note that the brown staining along the attachment to bone (bottom of each image) is natural in healthy cartilage and therefore disregarded in the scoring. Red arrows point at macroscopic superficial damage (g, including insert of damaged area) or fissures (d, k). Black arrows indicate microscopic internal collagen damage areas (f–h and j–l). Images are digitized at 5× magnification; the insert is 20× magnification. Scale bar = 200 μm.