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. 2018 Mar 14;9:175. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00175

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Copyright © 2018 Koyyada, Latchooman, Jonaitis, Ayoub, Corcoran and Casalotti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PKC Kinase activity assay. PKC assay of homogenates from heads of flies exposed to food for 72 h (Unexposed), exposed to food for 48 h and treated with naltrexone for 24 h (Unexposed + naltrexone) exposed to ethanol for 48 h and food for 24 h (Ethanol exposed) or exposed to ethanol 48 h followed by naltrexone for 24 h (Ethanol exposed + naltrexone). Each bar represent two independent experiments each consisting of triplicate assays containing 15 fly heads each. n = 6. Error bars are SEM. Data was analyzed by non-parametric one way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc comparison to Unexposed flies. The only statistical difference was between Unexposed and Ethanol exposed ^*p = 0.037.