Figure 9.

Ultrastructure alteration (A–D), protein (E–G), and gene expressions (H,I) of the skeletal muscle in wild-type controls and vehicle-, metformin-, and DZF- (1 g·kg⁻¹) treated db/db mice. (A–D): TEM; label: Z lines (Z), H zones (H), M lines (arrow), and mitochondria (M). Left panel: scale bar = 1 μm, original magnification ×30000; right panel: scale bar = 200 nm, original magnification ×80000. (E–G) Representative immunoblots and relative expressions of pAMPK in muscle and GLUT4 in plasma membrane fraction of the skeletal muscle. (H,I): relative mRNA levels of Cd36 and Cpt1b in the skeletal muscle. Data are described as mean ± SD. (A–I) n = 3. ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001 vs. WT control; ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001 vs. db/db+ vehicle.