Table 1. Overview of large cohort active surveillance studies.
| Study | Study period | Country | Patient No. | Median age (years) | Median PSA (ng/mL) | Follow up (median) | Prostate cancer specific survival (progression free survival) | Conversion to treatment | Conversion without evidence of clinical progression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSKCC, 2011 (10) | Sept 1997–Feb 2009 | USA | 238 | 64 | 4.1 | 1.8 years (in patients without clinical progression); 11% of patients were followed at least 5 years without progression | 2- and 5-year progression-free probability 80% and 60% respectively | Not reported | Not reported |
| John Hopkins, 2015 (11) | Jan 1995–June 2014 | USA | 1,298 | 66 | 4.8 | 5 years (VLRPC), 3 years (LRPC) | 99.9% (VLRPC), 99.4% (LRPC) at 10 years; 99.9% (VLRPC), 99.4% (LRPC) at 15 years |
50% at 10 years; 57% at 15 years | 17% |
| UCSF, 2015 (12) | 1990–2013 | USA | 810 | 62 | 5.3 | 5 years | 98% at 5 years (40%) | 40% at 5 years | Not recorded |
| PRIAS, 2013 (13) | Dec 2006–May 2012 | Worldwide (17 countries) | 2,494 | 66 | 5.6 | 1.6–3.1 years | 100% at 4 years | 34% at 4 years | 9% (further 17.6%–solitary PSA increase, urinary symptoms or patient preference) |
| University of Miami, 2010 (14) | Feb 1992–2009 | USA | 230 | 64 | 4.8 | 32 months | 100% at 44 months | 14% at 44 months | Not recorded |
| Royal Marsden, 2013 (15) | March 2002–May 2011 | UK | 471 | 66 | 6.4 | 5.7 years | 96% at 5 years | 31% at 5 years | Not recorded |
| ProtecT, 2016 (16) | 1999–2009 | UK | 545 | 62 | Not recorded | 10 years | 99.4% at 5 years; 98.8% at 10 years | 54.8% at 15 years | 38% at 15 years |
| University of Toronto, 2015 (17) | 1995–May 2013 | Canada | 993 | 68 | Not recorded | 6.4 years | 98.1% at 10 years; 94.3% at 15 years | 25% at 5 years; 45% at 15 and 20 years | 1.6% (±2% not reported) |
| University of Copenhagen, 2015 (18) | 2002–2013 | Denmark | 317 | 65 | 6.6 | 5 years | Unknown | 39.5% at 5 years | Not recorded |
| St Vincents, 2015 (19) | 1998–2012 | Australia | 796 | 63 | 6.2 | 67 months | 100% at 67 months | 38% at 67 months | 12% |
| Goteborg, 2016 (20) | Jan 1995–Dec 2014 | Sweden | 439 | 65 | Not recorded | 6 years | 100% (VLRPC) at 10 and 15 years; 100% and 94% (LRPC) at 10 and 15 years; 98% and 90% (IRPC) at 10 and 15 years |
53% at 10 years; 66% at 15 years | 10% (further 8% urinary symptoms or unknown) |
| Canary PASS, 2016 (21) | 2008–2013 | USA | 905 | Not available | Not recorded | (8.4 months) | 100% at 28 months | 19% at 28 months | 32% |
| Milan (SAINT + PRIAS), 2017 (22) | 2005–2007 (SAINT); 2007–2016 | Italy | 818 | 66 | 5.7 | 11 years | 100% | 50% at 5 years | 32% |