Table 2. Criteria for entry into active surveillance programme.
| Study | Maximum T score/age/life expectancy | PSA (µg/L) | PSA density ng/mL (PSAD) | Gleason score | Minimum number of cores taken pre-AS selection | Maximum No. of positive biopsy cores (% of total cores) | Additional confirmatory re-biopsy | MCL (percentage of biopsy core positive) | Imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSKCC (10) | T2a | <10 | None recorded | 3+3 | 10 | 3 | Yes | (50%) | No |
| John Hopkins (11) | T1c (VLRPC) | None recorded | <0.15 | 3+3 | 12 | 2 | No | (50%) | No |
| T2a (LRPC—older men only) | <10 | Not recorded | 3+3 | 12 | 2 | No | (50%) | No | |
| UCSF (12) | T2 | <10 | Not recorded | 3+3 | Not recorded | (33% of total cores) | No | (50%) | TRUS |
| PRIAS (13) | T2 | <10 | <0.2 | 3+3 | 10 | 2 | No | Not recorded | No |
| University of Miami (14) | T2 | <10 | Not recorded | 3+3 | 10 | 2 | No | (20%) | No |
| Royal Marsden (15) | T2 | <15 | Not recorded | 3+3 or | Not recorded | (<50% of total cores) | No | (50%) | Not mandatory |
| >65 years old | <15 | Not recorded | 3+4 | Not recorded | (<50% of total cores) | No | (50%) | Not mandatory | |
| ProtecT (16) | Aged 50–69 years; clinically localised prostate cancer | ||||||||
| University of Toronto (17) | [1995–2013] T2a | <10 | Not recorded | 3+3 | 8 | Not recorded | No | Not recorded | No |
| [1995–1999]patients aged >70 years; [2000–2013] LE <10 years + significant morbidities | <15; 10–20 | Not recorder; not recorded | 3+4; 3+4 | 8; 8 | Not recorded; not recorded | No; no | Not recorded; not recorded | No; no | |
| University of Copenhagen (18) | T2a | <10 | None recorded | 3+3 | 6 | 3 | No | Not recorded | No |
| St Vincents, Australia (19) | T2b [T2a (<55 years)] | <10 | None recorded | 3+3 | 10 | <20% of total cores | No | 6 mm (<30%) | No |
| Goteborg (20) | T1c (VLRPC) | Any | 0.15 | 3+3 | 10 (6 up to 2009) | <3 | No | (<50%) | No |
| T1 (LRPC) | <10 | – | 3+3 | 10 (6 up to 2009) | Not recorded | No | Not recorded | No | |
| T2 (IRPC) | <20 | – | 3+4 | 10 (6 up to 2009) | Not recorded | No | Not recorded | No | |
| Multi-institutional Canary PASS (21) | T1c (VLRPC) | – | <0.15 | 3+3 | 10 (within a year) or ×2 biopsies —one within a year | 2 | No | <50% | No |
| T1c–T2a (LRPC) | <10 (LRPC) | – | 3+3 (LRPC) | ≥10 (within a year) or ×2 biopsies —one within a year | 2 | No | <50% | No | |
| T2b–T2c (IRPC) | 10–20 (IRPC) | – | 3+4 (IRPC) | ≥10 (within a year) or ×2 biopsies —one within a year | 2 | No | <50% | No | |
| T2b–T2c (HRPC) | >20 | – | 3+4 | ≥10 (within a year) or ×2 biopsies —one within a year | 2 | No | <50% | No | |
| Milan (SAINT + PRIAS) (22) | T1c-T2a (+T1b if cancer <0.5 cm3 + negative peripheral zone biopsies) (SAINT) | <10 | – | 3+3 | 2005–2012—not recorded; Dec 2012–2016—prostate volume dependant (PV <40 cm3 =8; 40–60 cm3 =10; >60 cm3 =12) | <20% of total cores (until Dec 2011) <25% of total cores [2011–2016] | No | <50% | No |
| <T2c (PRIAS) | <10 | <0.2 | 3+3 (3+4 if aged 70+) | Prostate volume dependant (PV <40 cm3 =8; 40–60 cm3 =10; >60 cm3 =12) | <2% or <15% of total cores if saturation biopsies taken (>20 cores) with a maximum of 4 cores positive | No | <10% core length in 3+4 disease only | Yes since 2015—no limit on number of positive cores in patients with negative MRI or where targeted biopsy shows 3+3 disease only | |
LE, life expectancy; VLRPC, very low-risk prostate cancer; LRPC, low-risk prostate cancer; IRPC, intermediate-risk prostate cancer; HRPC, high-risk prostate cancer; SAINT, Sorveglianza Attiva Instituto Nazionale Tumori; MCL, maximum cancer length.