Table 5.
Multivariable Cox hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for time-varying Cornell voltage left ventricular hypertrophy
| Deatha | P | Coronary heart diseaseb | P | Nonfatal myocardial infarctionc | P | Stroked | P | Anginae | P | Heart failuref | P | Peripheral arterial diseaseg | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cornell voltage (per mm) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.265 |
| LVH by Cornell voltage | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.41 (1.26–1.59) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.41–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.31–2.04) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.45–2.12) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.08–1.47) | 0.004 | 1.98 (1.69–2.32) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 0.966 |
| Cornell voltage quartile (Q) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.156 | 1.07 (0.95–1.22) | 0.262 | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | 0.424 | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 0.330 | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | 0.244 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.183 | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 0.629 |
| Q3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.358 | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) | 0.002 | 1.29 (1.08–1.54) | 0.005 | 1.34 (1.12–1.62) | 0.002 | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) | 0.027 | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 0.023 | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) | 0.120 |
| Q4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.34 (1.22–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.33–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.11–1.57) | 0.002 | 1.76 (1.49–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.10–1.37) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.58–2.11) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.93–1.40) | 0.194 |
| Cornell voltage 75th percentile | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | <0.001 | 1.25 ( 1.08–1.44) | 0.002 | 1.55 (1.36–1.76) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.003 | 1.66 (1.49–1.86) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.93–1.31) | 0.240 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Adjusted for baseline variables of:
aTotal = age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, HDL, and triglycerides; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, BMI, glucose, GFR, HDL, and triglycerides; males-age, treatment group, race, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, and triglycerides.
bTotal = age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, LDL, and HDL; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, current or former smoker, SBP, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, LDL, and HDL; males-age, treatment group, race, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, SBP, DBP, glucose, GFR, and total cholesterol.
cTotal = age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, total cholesterol, and HDL; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, potassium, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides; males-age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, GFR, LDL, and HDL.
dTotal = age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, SBP, BMI, glucose, GFR, LDL, and HDL; females-age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, current or former smoker, SBP, glucose, GFR, and HDL; males-age, treatment group, race, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, BMI, GFR, LDL, and HDL.
eTotal = age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, heart rate, DBP, BMI, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of CHD, aspirin use, DBP, BMI, LDL, and triglycerides; males-age, treatment group, race, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, heart rate, BMI, total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides.
fTotal = age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, glucose, GFR, and HDL; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, glucose, and GFR; males-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, glucose, GFR, LDL, and HDL.
gTotal = age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, heart rate, SBP, DBP, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, HDL, total cholesterol; females-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, SBP, DBP, BMI, potassium, and HDL; males-age, treatment group, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of CHD, aspirin use, current or former smoker, SBP, DBP, BMI, potassium, glucose, GFR, and total cholesterol.