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. 2018 Mar 14;9:327. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00327

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Copyright © 2018 Si, Wang, Zhao, Huang, Cai, Zhou, Dai and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The working model of the mechanical wounding on the local leaves enhancing tolerance to freezing of the newly occurred systemic leaves in wheat. Wounding on the local leaves triggers the accumulation of H₂O₂ via the NADPH oxidase (RBOH) pathway. The burst of H₂O₂ functions as a crucial signal molecule being further conducted and amplified in the systemic leaves, which consequently initiates the anti-freezing responses in terms of stimulated antioxidant capacity, accumulation of osmolytes and improved photosynthesis in the systemic leaves.